【摘要】 本文讨论了昆虫种群动态的内容,把种群动态概括地分为空简、数量与时间三个方面。生态学上的空简系具有实质结构的场所,种群空间动态主要包括扩散、分布及生态特性的地方分化。作者根据种群的特性保存及特性成长与变动环境的关系,提出了变境成长的概念。 数量结构除了种群年龄、性比、滞育体等指标外,并注意到与生殖力及化性(Voltinism)相联系的种群遗传结构。某些昆虫种群通过作用于繁殖及死亡的反馈机制,在一定程度上可以调节其数量,影响到种群的数量变动形式。 时间连贯性及时间序列系本文在种群时间动态中所讨论的两个主要问题,时间是作用种群动态的一个因素,具有一定的形态外貌,种群的时间外貌与结构反映了种群时间动态的现实性,时间的连贯及序列共同形成了种群动态在时间上的必然途径及其与环境因素相互之间的顺序关系。 空、数、时变化各沿着一定的序列进行,这些序列所以被看成是预测害虫动态的基础,系由于种群任一动态都是在一定的种群结构基础上,以及空间因素与时间因素特定联系的形式下发生的,不同的联系产生不同的生理生态学后果,因而使得此复杂的种群动态问题,有可能借助于生物数量方法,作出种群的数量及分布预测。更多还原

【Abstract】 The present paper deals chiefly with a discussion on the problems of content ofinsect population dynamics, which have been generally classified under three categories,namely space, number, and time. Each of them has its own specific feature and bio-logical problem. However, there are certain interrelationships among them.Space is a place which consists of some ecological factors. The main subjects in theproblem of space dynamics are dispersal, distribution and the population differentiation.There are two types of population differentiation, namely, regional population and habi-tational population. With reference to the effect of changes in environmental factors onthe preservation and development of population characteristics, the author derives anidea of "Population develops under varying environment." On the analysis of population structure, except the population age, sex ratio and theratio of diapausing individuals, more attention is given to the genetic structure whichcorresponds with the variety of reproductive capacity and voltinism. The problem ofself-regulation in population fluctuation has also been discussed briefly. The continuity and the sequence of time are two main problems which have beendiscussed in this paper under the title of time dynamics. Time, not only a factor affec-ting the population dynamics but also one of the practical forms, has its own specificfeature and structure. Such feature and structure reflect the practicality of time dyna-mics. The characters of continuity and sequence conform to the way that population hasto follow, and the consequential interrelations between insect population and environment,in the progression of dynamics. In course of changes on population dynamics, the space, time and the number ofpopulation are all following their own proper orders in progression. But they are con-nected closely with some interrelationships existing among them. Such orders and rela-tionships construct the base of predication for the future of population. In addition,because any change on the population fluctuations has to be taken under a definitecombination of population structures and the functions of space and time, it makes pos-sible the complex phenomena of insect population fluctuations and distributions by use ofbiometric methods to work out the forecasts.更多还原