【摘要】 <正> 鸡新勋恙螨 Neoschngastia gallinarum Hatori,1920首先在台湾省发见并命名,但有关的调查和研究未曾深入展开。我们在1953年以来着手注意并进行有关恙螨的调查和研究,发现并证明鸡新勋恙螨在我国是一个分布相当广泛的螨种。不仅如此,它还导致家鸡的外伤,因而是一种严重的害虫。为此,对该螨的形态和生态学问题,曾先后进行了更多还原

【Abstract】 1. The present paper summaries the field investigation and laboratory observations duringthe years 1956-58 on the life habits of Neoschongastia gallinarum. 2. It proves that Neoschongastia gallinarum is one of the most widely distributed species inthis country. In addition to the previously reported localities, the species has now been found alsoin 53 cities in the provinces of Liaoning, Hopei, Hunan, Kwangsi, Kwangtung and Kweichow.These are all new records in distribution. 3. It is the first record that thc larvae of Neoschongastia gallinarum are found on the bodyof the following three specics of birds: Columba liva var. domestica, Pycnonotus sinensissinensis, and Lonchura striata swinhoei. Although the larvae of this species have been found once on the body of rats, yet the possibility of its parasitism is very scarce. 4. The present investigation proves that Neoschongastia gallinarum larvae have their host-specificity, being parasitic solely on birds. From this ecologcal factor, we can conclude that thepossibility of its transmission of tsutsugamushi fever is very scarce. 5. This is the first time to detect that the chitken house is the breeding place for this mite. 6. The seasonal distribution of Neochongastia gallinarum varies with the locality, beingthroughout the entire year in the southern provinces. Although the larvae can be found on thebody of chicken in Huchow throught the entire year, the percentage of infection and the numberof larvae during the winter months declines strikingly. 7. The life of unfed nymph varies from 2--92 days, and the non-fully fed larvae variesfrom 35--82 days. 8. The nymphs of Neoschongastia gallinarum placed under the condition of 2l℃, RH71%; 34 ± 1℃, RH 42%; 45 ± 1℃, RH 40% and 50 ± 1℃, RH 33% can live for 2 days,15 minutes, 9 minutes, and 4 minutes respectively; placed at 18--22℃, 34℃ and 45℃ in watercan live for 28 days, 13 days and 11 hours; placed at 0℃, -5℃ and -10℃ can live for 23 days,28 hours and 8 hours. Their ability to adapt to such unusual conditions is not less than thatof the larvae. 9. The difference in the rate of crawling of unfed and fed larvae is not great. The ratevaries according to temperature and humidity, being faster under high ternperature and lowhumidity and slower in low temperature and high humidity. 10. The range of crawling of Neoschongastia gallinarum nymphs at 28℃ is 5.7--8.1 cm.per minutec, average 6.6 cm per minute. 11. According to the present investigation the time of engorging of Neoschongastia gallin-arum larvae on to the chicken host is preliminarily determined as 14-26 days. The percentageof detaching of the larvae increases after the death of the host, being highest within 24 hoursafter death with the percentage of 49.20--86.36%; few of them detach off 8 days after the deathof the host. 12. The time of detaching, when the host skin and the parasitic larvae are submerged inwatcr, can prolong to 18 days. This fact indicates the possibility of aquatic birds serving ashost for the larvae of this mite.更多还原