【摘要】 1.本丈研究蚱蝉的听器和发声器的构造,所用材料为北京近郊夏季常见的一种蚱蝉Cryptotympana pustulata Fabr. 2.蝉的听器主要分为听膜、听觉剑鞘器和听神经三部分。听膜承受外界声波,它又倚靠附属的几丁构造(听脊和铲状片)而把振动传给听觉剑鞘器,后者引起神经冲动的产生,再由听神经将这种冲动传到中枢。 3.雄蝉和雌蝉听器的构造基本上是相同的,只是相应部分在形态上和大小上有些差异。此外,雌蝉没有发声器,因此腹部形态也有些不同。 4.作者在雄蝉发声器上发现一条肌肉(协作肌)和两个感官(声膜剑鞘器和褶膜剑鞘器),是过去文献中没有记述过的,本文不仅详细描述了这些构造,并且也初步推测它们的机能。更多还原

【Abstract】 1. This paper describes the structures of the tympanal and sound-producing organs of acicada, Cryptompanal pustulata Fabr. It is commonly found in Peking and its vicinities insummer days. 2. The main parts of the tympanal organ of this species of cicada are the following: the tym-panal membrane, the tympanal scoloparium and the tympanal nerve. The full realization of thesense of hearing is assumed to be dependent upon a series of devices: the tympanal membranereceives the sound waves from the exterior, the accessory chitinous structures (tympanal ridge andspatula) transmit the sound vibrations to the scoloparium, the latter gives rise to the nerves im-pulses in its nerve cells and, by way of the tympanal nerves, this kind of impulses proceeds tothe central nervous system. 3. The tympanal organs in the male cicada are fundamentally the same in structural plan asin the female, only the form and size of their corresponding parts differ slightly. Furthermore,the female cicadas have no sound-producing organs, hence the morphology of certain of theirabdominal segments is correspondingly different. 4. In the male sound-producing organs the author discovered one muscle (auxilliary muscle)and two sense organs (scaloparium of sound-producing membrane and scoloparium of foldedmembrane); all of them were not found to have been described in the past-day literature. Theauthor not only described these structures morphologically in detail but also made some preliminarysuggestions for their functions.更多还原