【摘要】 <正> 盲蝽是半翅目异翅亚目中最大的一科,全世界已知种在五千以上,约占半翅目(包括同翅亚目)总数的五分之一。食性相当复杂,在为害农作物种类中以棉盲蝽最为严重。中国棉虫记录中有盲蝽15种,世界棉虫记录中有棉盲蝽28种。根据我们几年来在河南、河北、陕西、山西、山东、湖南、湖北、江苏、浙江、江西、安徽等省棉区的调查,共得盲蝽17种,共中为害比较重的有7种。从1953年到1956年,我们选择了分布广和为害严重的 3种做了研究。这三种是:1)绿盲蝽Lygus lucorum Meyer-Dur;2)三点盲蝽Adelphocoristaeniophorus Reuter;3)苜蓿盲蝽Adelphocoris lineolatus( Goeze)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Many species of plant-bugs are injurious to cotton plants. According to the listof cotton insects of the world, 28 species are known, while in China as many as 15species have been recorded. In the past few years, the authors worked on the plantbugsand 17 species were obtained from the cotton cultivated regions of Hopei, Honan, Shan-tung, Shansi, Shensi, Hupeh, Hunan, Kiangsu, Chekiang Kiangsi and Anhwei Pro-vinces. Among these 17 species, according to the nature of damage, we consideredthat only three species are more important to cotton production. Since 1953 to 1955researches were undertaken on the following plant-bugs: Adelphocoris taeniophorus Reuter, A. lineolatus (Goeze) and Lygus lucorum Meyer-Dur. These plant-bugs produce very characteristic damages on cotton plants: 1) Thecotton seedling is retarded in growth and becomes blasted since the terminal leaf budwas punctured and only two cotyledons left. 2)When both the terminal and thelateral buds are injured heavily, in addition to the shedding of squares, flowers andbuds, the cotton plant becomes brushy and scrubby. Many irregular holes on cottonleaves apparently resulted from the sap feeding habit of plant-bugs by means oftheir piercing apparatus. These two types of injury are called tomosis by manyphytopathologists although they are entirely due to insect and without any evidenceof pathogen so far as known. A series of cage experiments were conducted and showthat these types of injury can be simutaneously reproduced by the laboratory--bredplant bugs. The plant-bugs are very difficult to rear under laboratory conditions whichhandicaps us a great deal in the course of life history studies. As soon as the feedinghabits of the plant-bugs were discovered and the rearing method improved, gene-ration by generation of the plant-bugs have been reared successfully in the labora-tory. Experiments show that the plant-bugs always need to be fed with a small quantityof honey, or aphids. After the obstacle of rearing was overcome, the life histories of three speciesare easily accomplished, Adelphocorois taeniophorus passes winter in its egg-stagewhich oviposited in scars of tree trunks. Hatching begins at the time of early May.Nymphs leave tree to weeds in adjacent areas or directly to the cotton field. Thereare one to three generations a year, however, overlapping generations are frequent,because the hatching period of eggs lasts very long. Adelphocoris lineolatus is wellknown as the alfalfa plant-bug which lays eggs in tissues of alfalfa and other weeds.It hatches in early April and attacks cotton plant for a long period, from late Mayto the end of cotton growing season. Three to four generations developed in ayear. Lygus lucorum winters also as egg which is ordinarily deposited in the tissueof alfalfa stubbles and also alfalfa fragments or even sometimes in the soil.In earlyApril, eggs begin to hatch and the nymphs feed on alfalfa mainly. The adult is astrong flier which may migrate to distant cotton fields in the middle of June andremain there to the end of cotton growing season. It is recorded three to five gene-rations a year. Overlapping generations frequently occur since the adult stagemay last more than two months. Nymphal stage of all three species is similar, pos-sessing five instars before reaching the adult stage. An account of the plant--bugs in relation to their environment is briefly con-sidered. The plant-bugs prefer shady and moist localities. Flowering plants possess agreat deal of attraction to the plant-bugs, in June and August large number of plant-bugs usually assemble on flowers. Natural enemies are studied, including more thanten species of predacious spiders, one predacious mite, two species of bugs, twochrysops and three species of parasitic wasps. The egg parasites, Anagrus sp., Teleno-mus sp. and Pelynema sp. play a more important role in checking the population ofthe plant--bugs. A brief review on chemical control is contained in this paper. At present, sup-ply of benzene hexachloride in China is sufficient to meet the need of combatingplant--bugs.更多还原