【摘要】 <正> 飞蝗是古今中外农业上严重害虫之一,因为它有:(1)巨大的损耗植物的能力,取食人类生活所依赖的禾本科经济作物;(2)显著的成群习性,能聚集成群生活,集中为害或成群迁移;(3)巨大的飞翔能力,在短时期内大量迁飞到远近各处,扩大分布地区,增加为害面积;(4)巨大的生殖能力,一年内发生一代或两三代,每代产卵数量甚大。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the last three years (1952--1954) the writer has studied. the biology of the orientalmigratory locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen, in the lake regions in Kiangsu,Anhwei and Shantung Provinces: which have long been regarded as the primary breedinggrounds of this species. In the present paper are reported the results from some of his observa-tions on the reproduction of this species, especially concerning the changes in the femalegonads and behaviour during sexual maturity, the time of mating and oviposition, the generalfecundity and egg vitality, and parthenogenesis. The developmental changes of the oocytes in the ovary have been described and the wholecourse may be divided into 4 stages:1. Whole ovary whitish, oocytes in ovarioles pale, very small, similar to those in thenymphs.2. Masses of red pigment appear at the basal portion of many ovarioles; they lie in the egg pedicel proximal to the posterior end of the oocytes which now become yellowish.3. The leading oocytes gradually increase in size; the pignented masses disappear.4. The leading oocytes attain the length about 5--6 mm before ovulation, masses of relpigment appear in the ovarioles proximal to the second oocytes. Judging from the time of their appearance it is believed that the masses of red pigmentin the ovarioles are intimately related to the growth and maturation of the oocytes; but theyare not the "corpora lutea" It was observed that from five to six days after emergence, the eaged adult locusts,including both males and females, vibrated their wings continuously in the evening just aftersunset. This may occur for different number of days after which copulation ensues. Thisnuptial flight may be closely related to. the migratory behaviour of the locusts in the naturalcondition. When reared in the field the pre-oviposition period of the locust was observed to be 15days; but this may be subject to the influence of food plants, density of the population inthe cages, the prevailing climatic condition, and copulation. The intervals between the oviposi-tions were seen to be 5 days, but the climatic condition and the age of the female may alsoinfluence them. Like most other insects, it was ascertained that copulation would hasten thedevelopment of the oocytes in the ovary. When properly cared for, the female locust was observed to lay 11 egg masstos in themaximum during her life and the total number of eggs was over 750. In average each femalewould lay 6 egg masses and the average number in each egg mass is 70. It was observed thatthe fecundity was influenced by food plants, density of the caged population, starvation,availability of water, and internal parasites, etc. The percentage of hatching in the field was found to be about 98% and the sex ratio was45 to 55 in favour of the males. It was observed that this species may carry on parthenogenesis but the vitality of theparthenogenetic eggs was low and the nymphs thus produced were all females. The pre-oviposition period of the parthenogenetic females was greatly prolonged, about 47 days inavelage.更多还原