【摘要】 1936—37年在南京地区观察松毛虫寄生天敌所得的初步结果可简述如下: (一)南京地区业经发现的松毛虫天敌有卵寄生蜂3种:赤眼卵蜂、松毛虫长腹卵蜂、平腹小蜂;幼虫寄生蜂4种:松毛虫瘦姬蜂、松与虫红头小茧蜂、花胸姬蜂、黑基瘤姬蜂;幼虫寄生蝇3种:家蚕寄生蝇、大寄生蝇、小寄生蝇;蛹寄生蜂4种;日本黑点姬蜂、黑瘤姬蜂、大腿蜂、费氏大腿蜂;另重寄生8种。 (二)卵寄生蜂在防治松毛虫上起了适当大的作用,有时减低寄主虫口达61.24％。3种寄生蜂中以松与虫长腹卵蜂及平腹小峰为较重要。 (三)松毛虫初龄幼虫寄生率最高时可达26％。寄生率的高低及各种天敌的比较重要性与采集寄主材料的时期有密切的关系,往往数日之差,寄生率可截然不同。 (四)松与虫的后龄幼虫遭3种寄生蝇的寄生。寄生率最高可达42％。 (五)松毛虫茧期的寄生率可达38.4％,天敌中以大寄生蝇及日本黑点姬蜂为 最主要。 (六)无论在卵期、幼虫期或蛹期,第2化松毛虫的寄生率均比第1化的为高。此点似说明越冬问题是松毛虫天敌繁殖中的一个关系问题。 (七)几种比较重要的寄生天敌的发生时期和生活习性,本文中根据观察所及,加以记载。 (八)本文中将几个影响松毛虫寄生天敌虫口的因子提出讨论,这些因子包括;重寄生的严重、天敌发生时期与寄主生活史的不相更多还原

【Abstract】 The present paper reports on the results of some preliminary observationson the insect parasites of the pine caterpillar, carried out in the Nanking dis-trict during 1936-37. (1) The following insect parasites were reared from various stages of thepine caterpillar: Egg parasites: Trichogramma evanescens Westwood, Telenomus dendrolimusiChu, Anastatus gastropachae Ashmead. Larva parasites: Casinaria dendrolimi Uchida, Rhogas spectabilis (Matsumura),Stenaraeoides octocinctus (Ashmead), Itoplectis nigribasalis Uchida, Tricholygasorbillans Wied., Sturmia sp., Carcelia sp. Pupal parasites: Xanthopimpla japonica Krieger, Pimpla disparis Viereck,Brachymaria obscurata (Walker), Brachymeria fiskei Crawford. Hyperparasites: Phygadeuon latipatiolator Uchida, Monodontomerus dentipes(Boheman), Brachymeria obscurata (Walker), Brachymeria fishei Crawford, Eury-toma sp. (2) The egg parasites played an important part in the natural control ofthe pine caterpillar. The percentage of parasitism reached 61% in the materialcollected at Tang-shan, 1936. Telenomus dendrolimusi and Anastatus gastropachaewere observed to be more important than Trichogramma evanescens. (3) As high as 26% of the early-instar larvae could be killed by the para-sites. The percentage of larval parasitism and the relative value of the severalparasites varied with the time at which host material was collected. A differ-ence of a few days would give entirely different results. (4) The late-instar larvae were attacked by three species of dipterousparasites. The highest percentage of parasitism observed was 42%. (5) 38.4% of the pine caterpillar were killed during their pre-papal andpupal stage chiefly by Sturmia sp. and Xanthopimpla japonica Krieger. (6) The percentage of parasitism whether in the egg, larva or pupa stagewere observed to be always higher in the second generation than in the first,a fact suggests that hibernation may have an important bearing upon thepopulation of the parasites. (7) The time of appearance of the more important parasites and theirhabits were discussed. (8) Some of the factors, such as hyperparasitism, non-synchronization ofthe life cycles of the host and parasite, over-restriction in host selection, andthe influence of certain control measures, which have adverse effects on theparasite populations, were discussed. (9) As the percentage of parasitisn fluctuated greatly with year and season,it, is, therefore, suggested that a study of the factors which are responsible forthese fluctuations is of primary importance. Based on the results of suchstudies, measures may be adopted to increase the efficiency of the parasites.更多还原