【摘要】 研究了浙江余姚河姆渡遗址第一期发掘出土的四个文化层的陶器。根据化学成分、显微结构、烧成温度及物理性能指出:这些早在距今7000年第四文化层的陶器具有前所未见的鲜明特征: 1.出土的大量夹炭黑陶是在绢云母质粘土中有意识掺和炭化的稻壳和植物茎叶制成的。这些稻壳和植物茎叶事先经过燃烧炭化,然后放到粘土中加水拌和后使用。 2.第四文化层出土的陶器,无论是夹炭黑陶还是夹砂黑陶其含铁量都非常低(1.5～1.8％)。这是其他地区出土的新石器时期的各种陶器所未见(白陶除外)的,也是河姆渡其它文化层的各种陶器所没有的。这可能和它所用的原料是较纯的绢云母质粘土有关。 3.这些陶器(特别是第四文化层)都有很大的烧失量,最大者可达 13.42％。这是由于含有炭和有机质的结果。 文章还指出:从河姆渡各层陶器的成分变化和工艺发展也可以看出各文化层的迭压关系,这为考古工作者提供一些值得注意的参考数据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The authors have studied the pottery of the four layers of cultural deposits excavatedat Homudu, Yuyao County, Zhejiang Province. According to the results obtained fromthe research of chemical compositions, micro-structures, firing temperatures and physicalproperties of these potteries, it reveals that these excavated potteries dated as far backas seven thousand years ago in the fourth layer possess the distinguished characteristicswhich have never been found before. 1. The mixed carbon black wares excavated in large quantities were made of a kind ofclay containing sericite intentionally mixed up with carbonized rice husks, stalks andleaves which were burnt beforehand. 2. The Fe₂O₃ contents of the potteries excavated from the fourth layer, irrespective ofmixed carbon black wares or sandy black wares are very low （1.5～1.8%）. This has neverbeen found at any other excavated neolithic sites in China and even also at other layers atHomudu. Possibly it relates to the higher purity of raw materials being used. 3. Such potteries （particularly those from the fourth layer） mark a high ignition lossup to 13.42% due to carbon and organic materials contained therein. From the variation of composition and the development of technology of the potteriesexcavated at Homudu, we can get a clear view of the relationship among the four layersof cultural deposits super-imposed one upon the other. This may offer some worthy refe-rences for the archaeologists.更多还原