【摘要】 <正> 一.绪言同善镇盆地是位於山西省南部垣曲县北部的一个小盆地,南北长约5公里,东西宽约4公里,南面与垣曲盆地相接,照一般地图,以北正是太行山脉与中条山山脉相连接的地方。垣曲盆地的新生代地质,过去曾经安特生、李悦言等作相当详细的调查,但同善镇盆地则仅知有周口店期的红色土层分布。1953年秋,著者曾与王择义、胡长康等同志去该区作短时观察,除对盆地中部的一般地质情形得一初步认识外,并在同善镇村西约2公里的郭家漥发现合泥河湾期哺乳动物化石的地层,在地层及古生物上都有相当意义,故作简单报道。本文著者承惁种钟健教授在标本鉴定及有关地层问题的讨论上给予指道,谨致谢意。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Tongshanchen Basin is a small Cenozoic basin locoted in the northernpart of Yuanchü,the type locality of the Early Tertiary Yuanchü series.Formerly the only Cenozoic deposits known to occur in this area is theChoukoutienian reddish clays.However,two more Cenozoic units were identi-fied recently by the author.The one is a series of conglomeratic beds ofprobably Eo-Oligocene age.The other which is named by the author as Tong-shanchen bed,consists dominantly of red-colored cleyey“earth”not unlike thePontian“Hipparion”red clay in appearance,but with alternate thin layers ofgreenish grey marly sandstones and sandy conglomerates at the base which yieldmammalian remains of Villafranchian age.The Tongshanchen bed reaches a totalthickness of no less than 60 meters and is separated from the overlying Chou-koutienian reddish clays by a distinct erosional surface (see section in fig.1-B,Cin the Chinese text).The significance of this discovery is that,in the first place,it representsthe first occurrence of the Nihowan mammalian fauna outside the Taihangshan-Chungtiaoshan region and being a southeastward extension of the Yush(?) fauna(a correlative of the Zone Ⅲ of the Yush(?) series).Secondly,the discoveryof the Tongshanchen bed is significant because almost all the known“Nihowan”deposits are of typical lacustrine type,while the Tongshanchen Bed is domin-antly a red clay facies and lithologically separated by an erosional interval fromthe Choukoutien reddish clays.The fossils from the Tongshanchen Bed include proboscideans,deers,rodentsand chelonian bones of which only a fragment of an elepant molar and a newAxis-deer are well-preserved enough for specific identification.Archidiscodon tokunagaiA fragment of the right lower third molar worn almost to the base of thecrown (fig.2 in Chinese text).The pattern of the enamel figures with theirslanting plate and a distinct sinus are of typical Archidiscodon type.It has an estimated lamellar frequency of about 4.5,a figure slightly smaller than inthose from Yush(?).The enamel layers are strongly wrinckled and about 2 mm.thick.The above described characteristics confirm the specific identification ofthe specimen.Besides,a number of isolated bone fragments including vertebrae,ribs andtarsal bone belonging probably to another individual may be assigned to thesame species.Genus Axis Hamilton-SmithAxis rugosus,sp.nov.(Fig.3,A,B)Type:A well preserved adult right antler with the tip of the basal andrecond tines partly broken off.Cat.No.V781.Horizon and locality:Villafranchian Tongshanchen Bed,Tongshanchen,Yuanchü,Shansi.Diagnosis:A large Axis deer.Antler strongly lyrated,basal tines set closeto the burr and forming a right angle with the beam,the second tineshorter than the third (adaptive type).Surface highly rugose,withcoarse longitudinal ribs and grooves,and pearls near the burr.Crosssection of the beam rounded subtriangular in the lower part,cylind-rical in the middle and flattened near the distal end where the secondand the third tines bifurcate.Dimensions (in mm.):Distance from the burr to the tip of the third tine (straight line)……450Length of beam and the third tine (external)……495Diameter of the burr (max.)……58Same,(min.)……41.8Maximum diameter of the beam……29.8Comparison:Axis rugosus,new species,can be most closely comparablewith the spp.A,shansius and from Zone Ⅲ of the Yush(?) series andA.junjabiensis from the Upper Siwalik of India respectively,but it isreadily distinguishable from both by its more lowerly set basal tine,the rugosity of the surface,its more lyrate beam (see fig.3 A-antero-interior view;B-postero-interior view).更多还原