【摘要】 <正>黄河的洪水灾害历来就是十分严重的。为了根治水害,必需很好地了解洪水。本文将简略地介绍黄河各段洪水的一般情况。一条河流的水文现象是流域自然条件的综合产物。为了研究水文现象,除了从这些现象的本身加以分析外,还必需从流域的自然情况(尤其是气候与地貌)加以考察．更多还原

【Abstract】 The Huangho (Yellow River), being 4,845 km long and draining an area of 738,000 km2, was for a long time known as the "Sorrows of China", but since the Liberation, it has well been controlled. A preliminary plan for the development of drainage basin has now been completed and the establishment of the San-men-hsia reservoir is being devised as one of the first 5-year plan items ready for construction. The present paper is nothing more than a few notes taken from hydrological researches required for the planning.The floods at Lanchow are gradual, lasting generally 1 month or 2, with the maximum discharge at 3,000 to 6,000 m3/sec. The lakes, swamps, and some wooded areas above Lanchow serve to regulate the flow collected in an area 216,000 km2 averaging 4,000 m high.The drainage basin between Lanchow and Pao-tow has an area of 140,000 km2. The floods here are lessened and smoothened. It is observed that in this section the discharge decreases downstream as the climate becomes arid or semi-arid and no tributaries nourish the river. On the other hand, the broad valley in the Ordos plain retains the flow and diminishes the flood.Between Pao-tow and Tsin-chang at the crossing of the Peking-Hankow Eailroad, the Huangho exhibits enormous floods, discharging usually over 10,000 m3/sec in short durations. This is because of the frequent storms in summer andautumn, the many tributaries from both sides of the gorge cutting in the bare loess plateau and the considerable drainage area (about 370,000 km2) added to Tsin-chang with no regulating sites all the way. The floods last only a few days, but may occur several times a month. The annual variability is remarkable.Below Tsiu-chang, the drainage of the Huangho is confined to the channel between the dykes, The floods progress in a similar manner as it do between Lanchow and Pao-tow.In general, the flooding period of the Huangho exists from. June to October inclusive, with the maximum flow in August for most places and in September in the Wei-ho valley.A further research shows that the flow from the Wei-ho influences directly on the floods at Shenhsien and the San-men-hsia gorge. The Wei-ho may contribute as much as 50% to the Shenheien flood in years of considerable high records; but counts little, when the floods are inconsiderable. Also, a flooding year above the San-men-hsia gorge is accompanied by an ordinary below the gorge, and vice versa.The following suggestions may be made with regard to the flood control of the Huangho:( i) To build a reservoir is more reliable and secure than to increase the height of the dykes in the lower stream, because the floods are characterized by high peaks in short duration with insignificant total discharge;(ii) Although the San-men-hsia reservoir may control 92% of the whole drainge area, other reservoirs are still necessary to restrain the tributaries further downstream (the Yi-lo and the Tsin), which may, otherwise, result in local disasters;(iii) The volume kept in the reservoirs may be regulated to meet the requirements by power generation, irrigation, navigation and by flood control in accordance with the flood peaks that may occur in different months in different localites.(resume by the Editorial Board)更多还原