【摘要】 在127具成年尸体上观察并测量了肾的大小、肾与脊柱的相对高度、肾上下端与人体正中线的距离、肾下端与髂嵴最高点间的距离以及肾与腰方肌及肋的关系。 1.左肾长9.98±0.09厘米,宽4.91±0.05厘米,厚4.23±0.04厘米,右肾长9.68±0.08厘米,宽5.01±0.05厘米,厚3.89±0.04厘米。左肾外形长、窄而略厚;右肾短、宽而稍薄。 2.左肾一般位于第12胸椎上半至第3腰椎上半之间;右肾位于第12胸椎下半至第3腰椎下半之间,较左肾约低半个椎体高度。 3.左、右肾上端与正中线的距离分别为4.27±0.069厘米和4.18±0.069厘米;左、右肾下端距正中线分别为5.53±0.081厘米和5.76±0.084厘米。左右肾下端与髂嵴最高点的距离分别为5.88±0.160厘米和5.39±0.190厘米。 4.左右两肾的外侧缘距腰方肌外侧缘的最近投影距离均接近2厘米,可见,肾的轮廓远远超出腰方肌范围。 5.绝大多数左、右肾后面(左侧89.76％,右侧77.17％)均与第12肋接触。虽左肾位置较高,但与第11肋接触者仅占25.98±3.89％。更多还原

【Abstract】 The size of the kidneys, the relationship of the upper and lower renal poles to the vertebral column and to the midline of the body,the distance between the lower renal pole and the iliac crest, and the relationship of the kidney to the quadratus lumborum and ribs were observed and measured in 127 adult cadavers. The following chief results were obtained.Each kidney measures about 10×5×4cm, the left was slightly longer, narrower and thicker than the right. The two kidneys extent from the level of T12-L3, but the right was one-half vertebra lowe than the left. The distance between the lower pole and the iliac crest was 5-6cm. The long axis of each kidney was directed downward and laterally, their upper poles lay nearer the median plane than the lower poles. The posterior surface of both kidneys was contacted with the 12th rib mostly, whereas the left kidney contac- ted with the 11th rib was only 25. 98±3.89%.The data from this study might be favourable to describe the Chinese anatomy and to consider the oblique lumbar incision for surgical approach to the kidneys.更多还原