【摘要】 <正> 西藏高原是世界的屋脊,幅员辽阔,有独特的环境和丰富的资源。关于原生动物在那里的分布,除了最近珠穆朗玛峰地区(以下简称珠峰)一篇报道外,还没有其他记录。在旧中国,随着帝国主义的侵略,西方科学工作者历次非法越过国境,在喜马拉雅山附近搜集生物标本;但在他们对无脊椎动物的记载中,从未提及西藏地区的原生动物。解放后不久,在毛主席无产阶级革命路线的指引下,我国组织了庞大的考察队伍,先后向珠峰和西藏其他地区进行大规模多学科的采集调查研究。对西藏高原的原生动物区系这一空白点,预期可以迅速填补起来。更多还原

【Abstract】 Altogether 131 species of Sareodina and 233 species of Ciliata have been observed in the planktonic collections made by a scientific survey during the years of 1973 and 1974 from 13 districts of Tibetan Plateau.These districts are all located along the both banks of Yalutsangpo River and the western bank of Nn River.Besides 4 new Sareodina and 3 new Ciliata quite a number of species,especially those of Ciliata,are recorded for the first time from China.The occurrence of most of these species in other parts of the world is also very seldom and haphazard.From Chayu,we collected a great number of Protozoan species.Considered from the angle of Protozoan populations,in Chayu,the environmental conditions of water bodies,from which our samples were collected,are distinctly better than those of other districts.The localities under investigation are mostly stagnant waters,rich in aquatic vegetations and decomposing organic substances.Some of them are even polluted with faecal matter of domestic animals.The Protozoan fauna of the 13 districts is quite different from that of Qomo-langma Peng (Mount Jolmo Langma) Area.Bacterial feeders (especially ciliatcs) and mesosaprobic forms are much more numerous as compared with those of the latter.Polysaprobic species which are incapable of living in waters of Qomolangma Feng Area,come into existence in some localities of most districts The Protozoan fauna of the 13 districts appears much like that presented in the middle and lower portions of Yangtze Valley.This is due to the fact that the environmental conditions of the 13 districts are more or less similar to those of the latter.There are more standing waters than running waters,including scattered rice fields and ditches or swamps in other cultivated lands.The ponds,lakes and other water bodies abound in emerged and submerged aquatic plants.They are also susceptible to various human interferences.Such factors are either very scarce or entirely lacking in the waters of Qomolangma Feng Area.Judging from the presence of a considerable number of Protozoan species,the development of fresh-water pisciculture seems possible in certain districts of Tibetan Plateau,since the majority of recorded species are usually recognized as suitable foods for young fishes,especially at the fry stage. The diagnostic remarks of 4 new Sarcodina and 3 new Ciliata may briefly be given as follows:I.SARCODINA1.Cochliopodium muscorum sp.nov.Resembling Cochliopodium bilimbosum Leidy in general outline,but its protoplasmic film just surrounding the thin eliitinous test possessing no regularly arranged fine punctuations as does the latter.Instead,3 to 6 double-contoured delicate lines always found present there.Diameter of test 39-62μ.In aquatic mosses,at Lhasa and Chayu.2.Centropyxis castle grandis subsp.nov.Test exceedingly larger than that of Centropyxis cassis "Wallich;also different from the latter by having the constricted aperture-region distinctly separated from the much more expanded belly-region.Usually with one or two short,spines on fundus.Length:145-225μ;width:122-225μ;diameter of aperture:48-78μ.In standing water,at Lingtze and Chauna.3.Difflugia capreolata bomiensis subsp.nov.Test different from that of Difflugia.capreolata Penard by 1) size distinctly larger than the latter;2) much wider than long as compared with the latter;3) edge of aperture not bulged out,but plane;and 4) neck region sometimes equipped with an additional faintly nodal marking.Length:256-272μ;width:176-184μ;diameter of aperture:80-85μ:In swamps,at Bomi4.Difflugia urceolata chayuensis subsp.nov.Rim of circular aperture of the test,though also expanded,not bent backwards as in the case of Difflugia urceolata Carter.Elliptical in general outline,hut not ovoid or entirely round as the latter-Length:200-215μ;width:135-140μ;diameter of aperture:77-80μ.In swampy rice field,at Chayu.II.CILIATA5.Bryophrya bavariensis minor subsp.nov.Unlike Bryophrya bavariensis Kahl due not only to the much smaller size,hut also to the less number of ciliary rows on the.body.Triehocysts in ectoplasm更多还原