【摘要】 <正> 东方鲀属(Fugu Abe,1952)鱼类属于硬骨鱼纲、鲀形目。在我国沿海分布甚广,产量大。因体形似“豚”,常在河口捕到,故江、浙一带叫“河豚”。北方俗名叫廷巴,南方叫龟鱼。河鲀肉味鲜美,含蛋白质甚高,久为广大人民所喜好,有些种类列为出口品种,畅销国外。但河鲀系有毒鱼类,早在李时珍名著《本草纲目》中即载有:“河豚有大毒,味虽珍美,修治失法,食之杀人”。故食河鲀时必须将含有剧毒的肝脏、生殖腺和血液等剖洗干净后,更多还原

【Abstract】 The present paper deals with the taxonomy of the Chinese tetraodonoid fishes of the genus Fugu. The classification and the interspecific relationships of the 15 species, including 2 new species, known at present in China are studied mainly on the basis of the comparative morphology of the skull and of the dermal spines and the disposition of the spinose areas. The descriptions of the new species are given below.1. Fugu reticularis Tien, Cheng et Wang sp. nov. (PL I, fig. 6)Holotype: No. 66-266, 295mm in length, collected from Shidao, Shandong Province, on December 12, 1966. Two paratypes, Nos. 66-255 and 66-281, 138mm and 290mm in length, collected from the same locatity and on the same date as the holotype. Holotype and paratype specimens are kept in the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.Diagnosis: Longitudinal ridges of the frontal expanded forward, reaching the hind margin of the prefrontal. Anterior edges of the sphenotie prolonged backward. Free-lateral margin of the frontal considerably wide. Dermal spines very small and sparsely disposed.Description: Based on twenty-seven specimens (including the type specimens), 103-295 mm in length, collected from different localities along the coast of Shandong Province.D. 15-16; A. 13-15.Body rather elongate, tapering behind. Height 3.4-3.9 in length without caudal, head 2.9-3.1. Snout 2.1-2.2 in head, eye 7-7.6.The ground-colour of the back greenish brown, with irregular whitish spots in the smaller specimens, and with a blackish network in the larger specimens. A large black ocellus on the side at about the end of the pectoral fin. Three narrow dark bands crossing the head and back, the first situated between the eyes, the second extended between the pectorals, and the third on the caudal peduncle.Remarks: Fugu reticularis is closely related to Fugu basilevskianus, but differs from the latter in having a blackish network on the back in adult specimens.Named reticularis in reference to the blackish network on the back of the adult fish.2. Fugu flavidus Li, Wang et Wang sp. nov. (Pl. II, figs. ,8, 9, 10)Holotype; No. 66-171, 275mm in length, collected from Qingdao on February 4, 1966. Three paratypes, Nos. 66-176, 66-177, 66-178, 245-280mm in length, collected from the same locality, on March 1, 1966. Type specimens are kept in the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.Diagnosis: Longitudinal ridges of the frontal jointed with the hind margin of the prefrontal. Prefrontals large. Anterior edges of the sphenotic prolonged forward. Free lateral margin of the frontal very narrow. Dermal spines rather strong, dorsal and ventral spinose areas separated.Description: Based on thirty-eight specimens (including the holotype and paratypes), 50-295mm in length, collected from different localities along the coast of Shandong Province.D. 15-16; A. 13-15.Body less elongate, tapering behind. Height 3.3-4.1 in length without caudal, head 2.7-2.9. Snout 2.2-2.8 in head, eye 7.2-8.9.The coloration of Fugu flavidus changes considerably with age. Smaller specimens (150mm in length) with numerous whitish spots of irregular size on the back, which become indistinguishable in the adult (250mm in length). In large specimens (300 mm in length), the back often uniformly yellowish brown, the sides yellow.Remarks: Fugu flavidus is closely related to Fugu niphobks, but differs from the latter in the changing of coloration in specimens of different sizes and in having a different type of skull.Named flavidus in reference to the pure yellow color on the sides of the body of the adult fish.更多还原