【摘要】 <正> 褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus)随人类经济活动分布于全球,主要以人类建筑物为栖息场所,夏季也在田野牺居,也有经常生活于水流沿岸的。它是一种主要的害鼠。-(1953)和(1959a,1959b)报导:褐家鼠的生理功能有很大可塑性,适应各种环境温度条件,并认为环境温度不阻碍褐家鼠的地理分布。褐家鼠分布区北越北极圈,甚至在冰箱中(-130℃)营巢,或生活于工厂的40—50℃仓库中(,1950)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Oxygen consumption of Rattus norvegicus and Rattus niviventer was determinated at ambient temperatures of 5℃, 10℃, 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃, 35℃. The metabolic rate (M) per unit weight (W) is correlated negatively with body weight of tested animals (fig. 2). Since the mean weights of tested animals of two species were different, their interspecific differences were concealed by the influence of body weight (fig. la). Four analytical methods were compared in order to reveal the interspecific differences, i.e., comparison of metabolic rate per unit surface (M/S) (fig. 1b), comparison of M/W of groups of animals of similar weights (fig. le), comparison of M/W,b (fig. 1d) and comparison of the adjusted means of M/W computed by analysis of covariance (fig. 1e). The last one possessing the following advantages is preferable: 1) the induction of the second variable and the comparison of two (or more) regression lines decrease the variation of the first variable and increase the significance of differences; 2) it makes possible direct interspecific comparison of metabolic rate on theoretically similar body weight. Based on experiments in three different seasons, it becomes evident that the last method is not only theoretically admitted, tut has also been proved correct in practical applications.After comparing the adjusted means of M/W of the two species (fig. le, fig. 3b,d), it becomes apparent that Rattus norvegicus has higher critical temperature, higher resting minimal metabolic rate at critical temperature, higher level of oxygen consumption at temperatures of zone of chemical thermoregulation than Rattus niviventer but the latter is more sensitive to high ambient temperature (35℃) than the former. These interspecific differences may be explained by the fact that Rattus norvegicus has a more widely geographic distribution than Rattus niviventer.更多还原