【摘要】 (1)本文详细地报告了寄生须子鲶(Clarias fuscus)肠内的一种吸虫(Orientocreadiumbatrachoides)的发育史。成虫、卵、毛蚴、两代胞蚴、尾蚴、囊蚴,以及发育期的童虫等都经详细的叙述。 (2)贝类的中间宿主为椎实螺Lymnaea(Radix)swinhoei H.Adams,Lymnaea(Radix)auricularia Linne尚有L.(Fossaria)ollula Gould亦能寄生,但感染的数量较少。尾蚴在贝类宿主体内和在原来的子胞蚴里面亦能成囊。逸出的尾蚴能钻入平卷贝Hippeutescantori Benson,Segmentina hemisphaerula Benson和寄居在平卷贝体内的寡毛类(Chae-togaster limnaei K.Baer)体腔内成囊。说明尾蚴对于第二中间宿主的适应性是很广泛的。 (3)曾进行终末宿主感染的试验和中间宿主感染试验,均得到阳性的结果。 (4)各发育期幼虫形态的观察证明了东肌吸虫是属于斜睾总科的吸虫,以往学者把它归于异肌科、棘体科,是不正确的。成虫的构造虽具有一些鳞肌科(Lepocreadiidae)的特点如外贮精囊,但它的生活史却证明了它是斜睾总科的种类。 (5)O.batrachoides是寄生鱼类的,较为原始的斜睾类吸虫。它的生活史对于本总科的系统发生有所阐发。说明了这类吸虫最早可能是鱼类的寄生虫,繁衍的种类适应于两栖、爬行的宿主,而较高级的则寄生于鸟类和哺乳类。从它们生活?更多还原

【Abstract】 During a survey of helminth-parasites of fishes from the Min-Eiver, Fukien, a species of trematode identified as Orientocreadium batrachoides Tuhangui, 1931 was found from the intestine of Clarias fuscus (Lacepede) and Parasilurus asotus (Linne). Further investigation elucidated its life history, with the various larval stages such as the miracidium, mother and daughter sporoeysts, eerearia, cyst and metaeercaria described in detail. Infection experiments were performed on the definitive and the molluscan hosts with positive results.In the environs of Foochow, natural infections occurred in Lymnaea (Badix) swinhoei H. Adams, Lymnaea (Radix) auricularia Linne and to a lesser extent, Lymnaea (Fossaria) ollula Gould, serving as the first intermediaries of the parasite. The cercariae may encyst in the body of the mollusean host, while they are still within the daughter sporocyst. After escaping from the snail, they may also encyst in the bodies of other mollusca, such as Hippeutes canton and Segmenting, hemis-phaerula and in the haemocoel of Chaetogaster limnaei K. Baer, inhabiting the Ly-mnaeid snails. Besides these invertebrates, the cercariae may still encyst in the gill of some small fishes. All these animals serve as the transport or paratenic hosts of the parasite, indicating its broad host-specificity.The miracidia of 0. batrachoides resemble those of Eumasenia fukienensis as reported by Tang and Lin (1966) and also those of Dasymetra conferta as reported by Byrd and Maples (1964). All of them have epidermal plates in two tiers of three cells each. They also resemble each other in the simplicity of internal structures. In this respect the family Orientoereadiidae seems to be intimately related to Ma-seniidae Yamaguti, 1953 and Ochetosomatidae Leao, 1945.The eerearia bears remarkable similarity to that of the genus Plagiorchis, especially to that of P. (Multiglandularis) mcgalorchis in the structure of its excretory bladder and in the pattern of flame cell arrangement (Kees 1952). Comparative morphological studies on larval stages indicated its close relationship to members of PlagiorcMidae.Discrepancies in opinion have existed among helminthologists regarding the systematic position of 0. latrachoides, which has been assigned to Allocreadiinae by Tubangui (1933), Plesiocreadiinae by Pande (1934), Acanthoeolpidae by Bychowsky and Dubinina (1954) or to a new subfamily, Orientocreadiinae erected for its reception by Yamaguti (1958) and a new family, Orientocreadiidae Skrjabin et Koval 1960. According to Yamaguti the new subfamily belongs to Allocreadiidae Stossieh, while in the system of Skrjabin and Koval the family is put under Lepocreadioidea Cable, 1956, which in turn, belongs to the suborder Allocreadiata. The present study, however, through the elucidation of its life cycle, reveals the true taxonomic position of the parasite to be placed in Plagiorchioidea.The classification of Plagiorchiidae and related families has been studied by several helminthologists. Odhner 1911, Baer 1924, Poche 1925, Travassos 1928, Fuhr-mann 1928, McMullen 1937, Mehra 1938, Yamaguti 1955, Skrjabin and Antipin 1958 all made important contributions. Skrjabin and Antipin adopting the classification of Mehra, proposed a system of Plagiorchioidea Dollfus, 1930, which comprises of five families, Plagiorehiidae Luhe, 1901 (with 10 subfamilies), Ochetosomatidae Leao, 1945, Telorchidae Stunkard, 1924, Brachycoeliidae Dollfus, 1930, and Maseniidae Gupta, 1953. To these the family Orientocreadiidae should now be added. The superfamily is a large group of trematodes, parasitizing all classes of vertebrates, from fishes to mammals. There are 23 life cycles being worked out, the data of which are tabulated and compared. A discussion is made on the phylogeny of this superfamily.更多还原