【摘要】 <正> 一、前言 关于麝鼠的食物很早就引起注意,原因有二:一、为了麝鼠的经营管理,特别在一些资本主义国家里,私有生产者企图栽培适当的植物,丰富麝鼠食物,以期提高圈养单位面积内麝鼠的产量;二、在散放的国家,尤其是在欧洲一些早期散放的国家里,对它是否会危害农作物,有顾虑,又怀疑它以鱼为食,危害渔业。为此我们展开了麝鼠食物组成的研究。我国散放麝鼠以来,目前已有了较广泛的分布,所以生产部门希望了解散放地麝鼠食物条件是否适宜;同时,这样广泛散放,也提供了有利于食性研究的条件。此外,麝鼠会因密度更多还原

【Abstract】 The present report is a part of our studies on the ecology of the muskrat in eight provinces of China during 1960-1963. This paper deals with the food habits and foods of this species. Stress has been laid on food bases and their probable influence as a limiting factor on the numbers of this fur-bearing rodent. Direct observations and feeding experiments have been used. Results obtained are as follows:(1) The muskrats’ feeding activity appears to reach its maximum in the mornings and evenings. The frequency of their feeding activities at 5:00-8:00 is found to be 76% of their morning activities and at 17:00-20:00 66% of their evening activities. The ranges of their feeding activities are found to be approximately the same as their home ranges. Adult muskrats in captivity are recorded to require on an average about 695 g of aquatic vegetation a day.(2) Based on feeding experiments and direct observations of captive muskrats, the plant foods occupy 93.4% of the total amount of 107 kinds of foods taken, while the animal foods only 6.6%. The plant foods include Phragmities commums Trin., Typha sp., Acorus sp., Zizania ceduciflora (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz., Brasenia Schreberi Gmel., Nym-phodes peltatum Kuntze, Nuphar pumilum Smith, Potamogeton spp., Deyenxia lange-dorffii (Link) Kunth, Ceratophyllum demersum Linn., given in a subsequence of importance (Table 2). All of these plants are found to be widely distributed in the country. Crops and fishes are taken only in small quantities. There are some seasonal differences in the food habits of the muskrat. The use of the different parts of the plants also varies with seasons (Table 3).(3) In the ecological investigations on the relationships between the food bases of the animal and its numbers, we compared the utilization of food bases by the animal in different densities. Results obtained indicate that in general, in a density of 11-13 families per acre the food bases are maintained normally; however, food bases begin to show signs of destruction, when the density of the muskrats readies to more than 16 families per acre. It is, therefore, considered desirable to control the numbers of the muskrats within reasonable limits not only for maintaining their food bases in a state of equilibrium, but also for habitat improvements in the wildlife management. We also assert that the food base is one of the characteristics of the food habits of animals at the population level.更多还原