【作者】 陈阳；

【导师】 陶大军；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨理工大学 ， 电气工程， 2025， 博士

【摘要】 并行对驱机械设备广泛应用于二辊轧机、双螺杆泵、挤压机等领域。传统的驱动方式为主从驱动,即由一台三相感应电机驱动主动轴旋转,主动轴通过同步机械齿轮带动从动轴旋转,从而实现两轴的反向同步旋转。这种采用同步机械齿轮的传统驱动方式存在系统结构复杂、传动链长、系统效率低、减速箱漏油、维护困难等问题。针对并行对驱类机械设备的驱动需求,提出一种新型的并列双转子连体定子永磁同步电机(Dual-parallel Rotor Connected Stator Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor,DRCS-PMSM),用以直接驱动负载,解决传统驱动模式因同步机械齿轮的存在而带来的一系列问题。本文深入系统地探究DRCS-PMSM的设计方法及转矩脉动抑制、转子不平衡电磁力削弱、高效综合多目标优化方法等关键问题,旨在为DRCS-PMSM的高效设计和合理优化提供坚实的理论基础。研究工作主要包括以下几个方面:(1)DRCS-PMSM电磁设计方法研究。提出DRCS-PMSM的基本结构,定义耦合区内的关键设计参数,分析其运行原理,研究各部分磁路对电机的作用效果。探究此类电机的一般性通用设计流程,给出各个关键环节的设计方法和确定原则。以双螺杆泵为应用背景,对一台DRCS-PMSM进行设计,构建有限元模型,分析电机的电磁特性,包括磁场分布、反电动势、电感、转矩、效率等,验证电机运行原理与所提设计方法的正确性,并揭示电磁特性不对称或不平衡原因。(2)DRCS-PMSM转矩脉动产生机理及抑制方法研究。按照影响因素不同,逐次分析齿槽效应、端部效应、永磁齿轮效应以及绕组参数不对称对电机转矩脉动的作用机理,构建各个转矩分量的解析表达式,有效分离电磁转矩中的各次谐波分量。通过有限元模型,验证理论分析的正确性。研究电机结构参数对空载转矩的影响,优化电机绕组排布位置削弱纹波转矩,找出电机结构参数及绕组排布的最佳组合,达到抑制转矩脉动的目的。通过建立两种边界条件下的仿真模型,证明增量磁场的存在,在此基础上,研究增量磁场对电机电磁转矩的影响,构建增量转矩解析表达式,分析其波动规律,并提出转矩分离模型进行仿真验证。(3)DRCS-PMSM转子不平衡力分析与优化研究。构建转子所受总电磁力的数学模型,共包含五个力的分量。理论分析各个分力的来源及影响因素,研究各个分力对转子所受总电磁力的影响,提出优化占空角、优化耦合间距、采用定子端部不对称结构、采用转子偏心结构和切除部分单元电机等五种优化方法,达到削弱转子不平衡电磁力的目的。讨论不同方法的优化效果,以及其对转矩脉动的影响,总结不同优化方法的优缺点。此外,对双转子之间电磁力与双转子旋转同步性之间的关系进行探索,揭示DRCS-PMSM的双转子具有较好的旋转同步性。(4)基于动态Kriging代理模型的DRCS-PMSM综合优化研究。为了同时削弱DRCS-PMSM的转矩脉动和转子不平衡电磁力,提出一种用于其优化的动态Kriging代理模型。引入重点采样空间的概念,解决基于“一次性”采样的静态代理模型优化效率低、模型精度差的问题。根据单一参数对优化目标的影响规律,确定每个优化参数的初始采样空间,并建立模型的初始样本库。提出一种动态加点准则,结合NSGA-II算法,实现对代理模型的构建和求解。将求得的最优解代入到数值模型中进行计算,验证所提优化设计方法的可行性。讨论动态Kriging代理模型的精度问题,并与传统静态代理模型进行对比分析,证实所提模型具有准确、高效的优势。(5)DRCS-PMSM样机研制与实验研究。基于上述理论研究工作,研制一台额定功率为11k W、额定转速为750r/min的DRCS-PMSM实验样机。搭建实验平台,对样机进行并列双转子同步性实验,验证并列双转子旋转同步性高的优势。同时,测量电机的电阻、电感参数,并对电机进行空载实验和负载实验,测试电机的空载反电势波形、负载转矩波形、转矩-电流曲线等,测量转子所受的不平衡电磁力。将测试结果与仿真结果进行对比分析,验证前述设计方法的正确性和优化手段的可靠性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Parallel-to-drive mechanical equipment is widely used in two-high rolling mills,double screw pumps,extruders and other fields.The traditional driving mode is the master-slave driving mode,that is,a three-phase induction motor drives the drive shaft to rotate,and the drive shaft drives the driven shaft to rotate through the mechanical synchronous gears between the two shafts,achieving reverse synchronous rotation.The traditional driving mode,which uses synchronous mechanical gears,has some problems,such as a complex system structure,long transmission links,low system efficiency,oil leakage in the reducer and difficult maintenance.For the driving demand of the parallel-to-drive mechanical equipment,a new dual-parallel rotor connected stator permanent magnet synchronous motor(DRCS-PMSM)is proposed to drive the load directly.The problems caused by the existence of synchronous mechanical gears in traditional driving mode are solved.In this dissertation,the design method of DRCS-PMSM and the key problems such as torque ripple suppression,rotor electromagnetic force weakening and efficient comprehensive multi-objective optimization method are deeply and systematically investigated,aiming to providing a theoretical foundation for efficient design and reasonable optimization of DRCS-PMSM.The research work mainly includes the following aspects:(1)Research on DRCS-PMSM electromagnetic design method.The topological structure of DRCS-PMSM is described,and the new design parameters are defined.The operating principle of DRCS-PMSM is analyzed,and the effect of each part of the magnetic flux path on the motor is studied.The general design process of this kind of motor is explored,and the design method and determination principle of each key link are given.Taking double screw pump as the application background,a DRCS-PMSM is designed and a finite element model is constructed to analyze the electromagnetic characteristics of the motor,including magnetic field,back electromotive force,inductance,torque,efficiency.The operation principle of the motor and the correctness of the proposed design method are verified,and the reasons for electromagnetic asymmetry or imbalance are revealed.(2)Research on mechanism and suppression method of DRCS-PMSM torque ripple.According to the different influencing factors,the mechanism of cogging effect,end effect,permanent magnet gear effect and winding parameters asymmetry on the motor torque ripple is analyzed step by step,and the analytical expression of each torque component is constructed to effectively separate the harmonic components of electromagnetic torque.The correctness of theoretical analysis is verified by finite element model.The effect of motor structure parameters on no-load torque is studied,and the position of motor windings layout is optimized.The optimal combination of motor structure parameters and winding layout is found to suppress torque ripple.The existence of the additional magnetic field is proved by establishing simulation models under two boundary conditions.On this basis,the influence of the additional magnetic field on the electromagnetic torque of the motor is studied,and the analytical expression of the additional torque is constructed to analyze its fluctuation rule.The simulation method based on the proposed torque separation model is used to verify the rule.(3)Research on the unbalance force analysis and optimization of the rotor of DRCS-PMSM.The mathematical model of the total electromagnetic force of the rotor is constructed,including the five force components.The source and influencing factors of each component are analyzed theoretically,and the influence of each component on the total electromagnetic force of the rotor is studied.Five optimization methods are proposed,such as optimizing the duty angle,optimizing the coupling distance,adopting the asymmetric structure of the stator end,adopting the eccentric structure of the rotor and cutting part of the unit motors.The optimization effects of different methods and their effects on torque ripple are discussed,and the advantages and disadvantages of different optimization methods are also summarized.The relationship between the electromagnetic force between the two rotors and the rotation synchronization of the two rotors is explored,and it is revealed that the two rotors of DRCS-PMSM have good rotation synchronization.(4)Research on DRCS-PMSM optimization design based on dynamic Kriging surrogate model.In order to weaken both the torque ripple and the unbalanced electromagnetic force of the rotor of DRCS-PMSM,a dynamic Kriging surrogate model is proposed for its optimization.The concept of key sampling space is introduced to solve the problem of low optimization efficiency and poor model accuracy of static surrogate model based on one-off sampling.The initial sampling space of each optimization parameter is determined according to the influence law of a single parameter on the optimization objective,and the initial sample base of is established.In this paper,a dynamic criterion for adding sample points,combined with NSGA-II algorithm,is proposed to construct the surrogate model.The optimal solution is substituted into the numerical model,and the feasibility of the proposed optimization design method is verified.The accuracy of the dynamic Kriging surrogate model is discussed and the model is compared with the traditional static surrogate model.The proposed model is proved to be accurate and efficient.(5)Development and experimental study of DRCS-PMSM prototype.Based on the above theoretical research work,a DRCS-PMSM prototype with rated power of 11k W and rated speed of 750r/min is developed.The experimental platform is built,and the synchronous experiment of the dual-parallel rotor is carried out on the prototype,and the advantage of the high synchronous rotation of the dual-parallel rotors is verified.At the same time,the resistance and inductance parameters of the motor are measured,and the no-load experiment and load experiment are carried out on the motor.The no-load back electromotive force waveform,load torque waveform and torque-current curve of the motor are recorded,and the unbalanced electromagnetic force of the rotor is measured.The test results are compared with the simulation results to verify the correctness of the above design method and the reliability of the optimization method.更多还原