【作者】 刘伟；

【导师】 张立中；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2024， 博士

【摘要】 中国特色社会主义进入新时代,加快实施健康中国战略,满足人民群众对美好生活的需要,必须加快发展中医药等健康服务业。中药材作为中医药事业发展的物质基础,在满足人民群众对美好生活的需要、促进农民增收、促进乡村振兴和生态文明建设等方面具有重要作用,但也面临着农药、化肥等化学品过量、不合理施用和产品质量安全等现实问题,如何促进种植农户“经济理性”向“安全理性”转移成为亟待解决的问题,党的十九大、二十大和中央一号文件持续聚焦“生态优先,绿色发展”的基本理念,为中药材绿色发展提供了政策保障。学界普遍认为种植农户是中药材绿色生产的直接参与者和直接受益者,其生产行为受到内部和外部因素的共同影响,在农户分化背景下,深入探讨不同类型中药材种植农户绿色生产行为形成机理与绩效,有利于从源头引导和规范中药材种植农户绿色生产行为。为此,本研究以“行为差异—行为机理—机理验证—行为绩效”为研究主线,以中药材种植农户为研究对象,探讨不同类型中药材种植农户绿色生产行为形成机理与绩效问题。基于赤峰市860份微观调研数据,创新性的采用多项内生处理效应模型(METE)测算不同类型中药材种植农户绿色生产行为差异、采用结构方程模型(SEM)基于计划行为理论构建了不同类型中药材种植农户绿色生产行为形成机理分析框架、并运用二元Logistic模型实证检验不同类型中药材种植农户绿色生产行为形成机理的直接效应、采用DEA-PSM模型评价不同类型中药材种植农户绿色生产行为绩效和差异。本研究弥补了民族地区中药材种植农户绿色生产行为形成机理和绩效的研究不足,对促进少数民族地区中药材可持续发展具有重要的理论意义。本文的研究结论如下:第一,中药材种植农户分化路径分析表明,随着非农就业和收入水平的不断提升,传统的小农群体逐步向生活型、生产型和功能型中药材种植农户演化。第二,不同类型中药材种植农户绿色生产行为差异测算分析表明,与生存型种植农户相比,生产型、生活型和功能型种植农户在施用量和减施空间上存在群体差异,且幸福感等不可观测因素发挥着重要作用。第三,不同类型中药材种植农户绿色生产行为形成机理分析表明,从总效应和直接效应看,各影响因素排序为社会因素>政策因素>市场因素>知识能力,说明社会因素和政策因素对促进中药材种植农户实施绿色生产行为的作用最为突出。从间接效应看,各因素排序为政策因素>社会因素>知识能力>市场因素,说明政策因素通过行为意愿这一中介因素发挥的效用最大,但间接效应与直接效应相比显著性较弱,政策满意度对促进意愿向行为转化具有调节作用。第四,不同类型中药材种植农户绿色生产行为形成机理实证验证表明,知识能力、市场因素、政策因素和社会因素是影响中药材种植农户实施绿色生产行为的主要因素,验证结果与形成机理分析结果基本一致,但社会因素的验证结果与多群组分析相比存在差异。第五,不同类型中药材种植农户绿色生产行为绩效分析表明,从绩效水平看,种植农户实施绿色生产行为对生产绩效、总产量以及总产值具有正向促进作用,而绿色生产行为生产绩效存在群体差异,其中功能型种植农户实施绿色生产行为后显著提升了生产绩效,生产型种植农户实施绿色生产行为对生产绩效具有负向促进作用,而生存型和生活型种植农户实施绿色生产行为对生产绩效的影响不显著。研究结论厘清了农户分化路径,发现了不同类型中药材种植农户绿色生产行为形成机理和绩效差异。基于此,提出提升中药材种植农户知识能力素养、分类施策,强化监管、强化激励和约束政策的实施力度、增强媒体劝导的精准度和说服力、加强中药材绿色生产技术推广力度、建立和完善中药材绿色生产多元补偿机制和促进中药材全产业链绿色高质量发展等政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 As socialism with Chinese characteristics progresses into a new era and the implementation of the Healthy China strategy accelerates,it becomes crucial to address the people’s needs for an improved quality of life.Chinese medicinal herbs,as the material foundation for the development of traditional Chinese medicine,play a crucial role in satisfying the people’s aspirations for a better life,increasing farmers’income,promoting rural revitalization,and contributing to ecological civilization.In contrast,they also face practical challenges,such as excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers,improper application,and concerns about product quality and safety,etc.There is an urgent need for sustainable development,aligning with the fundamental concept of’Ecological priority,how to promote the“Economic rationality”of farmers to the“Security rationality”of the state has become an urgent problem to be solved,green development’emphasized in the Party’s 19th and 20th National Congresses and the first document of the Central Committee,It provides policy guarantee for the green development of Chinese medicinal materials.Scholars widely acknowledge that peasants are direct participants and beneficiaries of green production of Chinese medicinal materials,and peasants’production behavior is affected by the internal factors.Under the backdrop of rural differentiation,a thorough exploration of the formation mechanisms and performance of green production behavior among different types of Chinese medicinal herb cultivators is conducive to guiding and regulating their green production practices from the source.Therefore,this research takes“the behavioral differences-the behavior mechanism-the mechanism verification-the behavior performance”as the research main line,Based on 860micro-survey data from Chifeng,this study focused on the Chinese medicinal herb farmers,explore the formation mechanism and performance of green production behavior of farmers of different types of Chinese medicinal herbs.It employed the innovative use of the Multiple Endogen etic Treatment Effect model(METE)to analyze the current implementation status of green production behavior among farmers cultivating different types of Chinese medicinal materials.Additionally,based on the Theory of Planned Behavior,the study utilized Structural Equation Modeling(SEM)to construct an analytical framework for understanding the formation mechanisms of green production behavior among farmers of different types of Chinese medicinal materials.Furthermore,the study employed a binary Logistic model to empirically analyze the influencing factors affecting the green production behavior of farmers cultivating different types of Chinese medicinal materials.The research also introduced a pioneering approach by using the DEA-PSM model to assess the comprehensive performance and differences in green production behavior among farmers cultivating different types of Chinese medicinal materials.This study addresses the research gaps in understanding the formation mechanisms and performance of green production behavior among Chinese herbal medicine farmers,and holds significant theoretical value in promoting the sustainable development of Chinese herbal medicine in ethnic regions.The conclusions of this paper are as follows.First,the analysis of differentiation path among Chinese herbal medicine farmers shows that with the non-agricultural employment and income levels continue to rise,the traditional small-scale farmers gradually evolved to the life-type,production-type and functional-type Chinese medicinal herb farmers.Second,analysis of the implementation status of green production behavior in different types of Chinese medicinal herb farmers shows that there are group differences in application amount and application space among productive,living and functional farmers,compared with subsistence farmers,and unobservable factors such as happiness play an important role.Third,the analysis of the formation mechanism of green production behavior of farmers with different types of Chinese medicinal materials,from the point of view of the total effect and the direct effect,the factors are ranked as follows:social factors,policy factors,market factors,and knowledge ability,which shows that social factors and policy factors played the most important role in promoting the green production behavior of farmers.From the indirect effect,the factors ranked as policy factor,social factor,knowledge ability factor and market factor,which indicated that the policy factor had the greatest effect through the intermediary factor of behavior will,however,the mediating effect is weaker than the direct effect,and the policy satisfaction has amoderating effect on the change from will to behavior.Fourthly,the mechanism of green production behavior of farmers of different types of Chinese medicinal materials shows that,knowledge ability,market factors,policy factors and social factors are the main factors that affect the green production behavior of Chinese herbal medicine farmers,but there are significant differences among different types of Chinese herbal medicine farmers,the results were consistent with those of formation mechanism analysis,but the results of social factors were different in multi-group analysis.Fifthly,the performance analysis of green production behavior of farmers of different types of Chinese medicinal herbs shows that green production behavior of farmers has a significant impact on production performance,total output and total output value.In addition,there are significant variations exist in the production performance associated with green production behavior among different types of farmers,in which the functional farmers’green production behavior significantly promotes The production performance,and the productive farmers’green production behavior has a negative effect on the production performance,however,the impact of green production behavior on production performance of survival and life-type farmers is not significant.The research clarifies the differentiation path among farmers and identifies the formation mechanism and performance differences in the green production behavior of farmers cultivating different types of Chinese medicinal herbs.Based on these findings,this study proposes Several measures including enhancing the knowledge and capability literacy of farmers,categorizing strategies,strengthening supervision,intensifying the implementation of incentive and restraint policies,enhancing the precision and persuasiveness of media advocacy,boosting efforts to promote green production technology,establishing and improving the multi-compensation mechanism for the green production of Chinese medicinal materials and promoting the green and high-quality development of the whole industry chain of Chinese medicinal materials.更多还原