【作者】 史亮亮；

【导师】 王建武；

【作者基本信息】 华南农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2023， 博士

【摘要】 樱桃番茄（Lycopersivon esculentum Mill.）具有生育期较短、产量高、口感好、营养价值高的特点,深受市场消费者的喜爱。本研究以樱桃番茄品种格雷斯为供试材料,通过浮板毛管水培栽培试验,研究不同氮、磷、钾、硝铵比水平对樱桃番茄形态发育、产量、品质、肥料吸收积累、肥料利用率指标的影响,以及樱桃番茄响应磷胁迫的分子机理,获得浮板毛管水培樱桃番茄营养液优化配方,为高效营养管理提供理论依据。主要结果如下:（1）中氮（12.00mol/m³）处理有利于产量和品质、肥料吸收积累的协同提高,可使樱桃番茄产量达到27.16 t/hm²,产量的提高得益于叶绿素含量、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、净光合速率的增加,同时全生育期叶、茎、果实含氮量与氮积累量均值,以及茎、果实含磷（钾）量与磷（钾）积累量均值较高。随着氮水平增加,地上部吸氮量比例、氮肥偏生产力、氮产量效用指数都不断降低,氮素利用效率不断降低。中氮（12.00 mol/m³）和高氮处理（18.00 mol/m³）,果实总糖、可溶性固形物、糖酸比较高,口感较好。（2）NO₃^--N/NH₄⁺-N比例在93:7（A2）-96:4（A3）之间有利于产量和品质的协同提高。NO₃^--N/NH₄⁺-N比例为93:7、96:4产量较高,达到41.54 t/hm²、41.93 t/hm²,产量的提高得益于光合参数增加,使全生育期地上部氮、磷、钾含量均值,以及叶、茎的氮、磷、钾积累量均值较高,也使地上部吸氮（钾）量比例显著增加。随着NO₃^--N/NH₄⁺-N比例增加,果实可滴定酸显著增加,总糖、糖酸比显著减少。（3）中钾（5.00 mol/m³）处理有利于樱桃番茄产量和品质的协同提高,可使樱桃番茄产量达到28.55 t/hm²,产量的提高主要与茎粗,叶片、茎和果实鲜重的增加,以及全生育期叶片、茎氮素积累量均值,果实含氮、磷、钾量和氮素积累量均值较高有关。随着钾水平增加,地上部吸氮（钾）量比例、氮（钾）肥偏生产力、氮（钾）产量效用指数都不断降低,氮（钾）素利用效率不断降低,地上部吸磷量比例逐渐升高,磷肥偏生产力和磷产量效用指数不断降低;果实可滴定酸、维生素C的含量显著增加,糖酸比显著减少。（4）中磷（1.60 mol/m³）有利于产量和品质的协同提高,可使樱桃番茄产量达到了26.99 t/hm²,产量水平的提高得益于株高、茎粗、光合参数的增加,以及全生育期叶片、茎、果实氮、磷、钾素积累量均值较高。随着磷水平增加,地上部吸氮（磷、钾）量比例不断减少,磷肥偏生产力降低;果实总糖、可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比显著降低,可滴定酸、维生素C的含量显著增加。（5）通过樱桃番茄苗期不同磷水平转录组和代谢组测序研究发现,根系是磷肥响应的主要器官,具有较多的差异代谢物与差异表达基因,根系和叶片对磷胁迫的响应不同。其次,代谢组分析发现低磷处理会促进根系和叶片积累大量黄酮类,而高磷处理促进根系积累核苷酸类,叶片积累脂类代谢物;转录组数据进行分析发现营养液中磷肥浓度增加会显著抑制硝酸盐转运蛋白基因在根系中的表达,影响氮肥的利用效率;发现了一个可用于判断磷肥水平变化的标记基因Sl SPX1。此外,磷胁迫也会影响樱桃番茄生物钟节律基因在叶片中的表达,造成生长代谢的失调。（6）本研究形成了适合华南地区浮板毛管水培栽培模式下樱桃番茄优化营养液配方,与国际通用营养液配方山崎番茄配方、日本园试配方相比,春季产量分别增加了48.27%、8.63%,同时优化的营养液配方中,氮、钾元素水平相比日本园试配方减少34.47%、37.45%,实现了节本增效。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cherry tomato（Lycopersivon esculentum Mill.）possess various favorable traits,including a short growth period,high yield,exceptional taste,and high nutritional value,making them beloved by market consumers.In this study the cherry tomato variety‘Grace’was used as the experimental material and the Floating Capillary Hydroponic（FCH）system was employed as the cultivation method.The objective of this study was to examine the impacts of various nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and ammonium nitrate ratios on the morphological development,yield,quality,fertilizer absorption and accumulation,and fertilizer utilization efficiency parameters of cherry tomatoes and to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of cherry tomatoes to phosphorus stress.The ultimate goal was to derive an optimized nutrient solution formula for cherry tomatoes in FCH,thereby establishing a theoretical foundation for effective nutrient management.The key findings of this research are as follows:（1）The medium nitrogen treatment（N2,12.00 mol/m³）was beneficial to exhibited favorable outcomes,leading to a synergistic improvement in yield,quality,and fertilizer absorption and accumulation of cherry tomatoes.The yield of cherry tomatoes was 27.16t/hm²after N2 treatment.This yield enhancement was attributed to notable increases in chlorophyll content,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,and net photosynthesis rate,and higher in the average nitrogen content and nitrogen accumulation in leaves,stems,and fruits of the entire growth period,,and in the average phosphorus（potassium）content and phosphorus（potassium）accumulation in stems and fruits.However,as the nitrogen supply rate increased,the proportion of nitrogen absorbed by the aboveground parts,nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity,and nitrogen yield utility index showed a continuous decline,resulting in decreased nitrogen utilization efficiency.Notably,when the nitrogen levels were at medium nitrogen（N2,12 mol/m³）and high nitrogen（N3,18 mol/m³）,the fruits exhibited exceptional taste qualities,characterized by high levels of total sugar,soluble solids,and sugar-acid ratio.（2）When the NO₃^--N/NH₄⁺-N ratio ranged between 93:7（A2）and 96:4（A3）,there was a synergistic improvement in both the yield and quality of cherry tomatoes.The yield of cherry tomatoes achieved impressive results,reaching 41.54 t/hm²and 41.93 t/hm²for A2and A3,respectively.The increase in yield could be attributed to the enhancement in photosynthetic parameters,resulting in higher average content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in aboveground parts during the entire growth period,along with a significant increase in the proportion of aboveground nitrogen（potassium）uptake.However,as the NO₃^--N/NH₄⁺-N ratio increases,the fruit titratable acidity exhibited a significant increase,while the total sugar content and sugar-acid ratio experienced a remarkable decrease.（3）The medium potassium treatment（K2,5.00 mol/m³）resulted in a synergistic improvement in both the yield and quality of cherry tomatoes,with a yield of 28.55 t/hm².The increase in yield was mainly attributed to the increase in stem diameter,fresh weight of leaves,stems,and fruits,along with a higher in the average nitrogen accumulation in leaves and stems of the entire growth period,and the average nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and nitrogen accumulation in fruits.However,as the potassium levels increased,the proportion of aboveground nitrogen（potassium）uptake,nitrogen（potassium）fertilizer partial productivity,and nitrogen（potassium）yield utility index exhibited a continuous decline,resulted in the efficiency of nitrogen（potassium）utilization continued to decrease.The proportion of aboveground phosphorus uptake gradually increased while the phosphorus fertilizer partial productivity and phosphorus yield utility index continued to decrease.Furthermore,the treatment with medium potassium levels led to a significant increase in the contents of titratable acidity and vitamin C in the fruits,while the sugar-acid ratio showed a distinct reduction.（4）The medium phosphorus treatment（P2,1.60 mol/m³）resulted in a synergistic improvement in yield and quality of cherry tomatoes,with a yield of 26.99 t/hm².The increase in yield was mainly related to the increase in plant height,stem diameter,and photosynthetic parameters.As well as,the higher in average accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in leaves,stems,and fruits during the entire growth period.As the phosphorus level increased,the proportion of nitrogen（phosphorus,potassium）absorbed of the aboveground parts continuously decreased,and the partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer decreased.The content of total sugar,soluble solids,and sugar-acid ratio exhibited a significant decrease,while the content of titratable acid and vitamin C showed a significant increase.（5）The analysis of transcriptome and metabolome sequencing under phosphorus stress in cherry tomato seedlings revealed that roots were the primary organ involved in responding to phosphorus fertilizer.A substantial number of differential metabolites and differentially expressed genes were identified between root and leaf,indicating distinct responses of roots and leaves to phosphorus stress.Furthermore,metabolomic analysis demonstrated that low phosphorus treatment stimulated the accumulation of flavonoids in both roots and leaves,while high phosphorus treatment promoted the accumulation of nucleotides in roots and lipid metabolites in leaves.Transcriptome data analysis revealed that with increasing in phosphorus concentration in the nutrient solution could significantly suppressed the expression of nitrate transporter genes in roots,thereby affecting the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer utilization.Additionally,a marker gene called Sl SPX1 was identified,which could be used to monitor changes in phosphate fertilizer levels.Moreover,phosphorus stress not only affected the expression of circadian genes in cherry tomato leaves but also disrupted genes involved in growth metabolism,leading to metabolic disorders.（6）In this study,an optimized nutrient solution formula for cherry tomatoes under the floating plate capillary hydroponic cultivation method suitable for southern China was developed.Compared with the international universal nutrient solution formula for Yamazaki tomato formula and Japanese garden test formula,the yield in the optimized nutrient solution formula increased by 48.27%and 8.63%under spring culture respectively.additionally,compared with the Japanese garden test formula,the optimized nutrient solution formula could reduce nitrogen and potassium levels by 34.47%and 37.45%,respectively.Overall,the development of this optimized nutrient solution formula resulted in increased yields and cost reduction,leading to enhanced efficiency.更多还原