【作者】 王勇；

【导师】 张耀辉；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 经济学 产业经济学， 2022， 博士

【摘要】 随着“大众创业、万众创新”的提出,我国对创业这一具有“创造性破坏”特征的经济活动越来越重视。那么,创业是否可以促进产业结构升级?其作用机理是怎样的?本文从创业水平是否促进了产业结构升级这一问题出发,通过文献梳理、理论分析、实证检验和案例研究等方法,深入研究了我国创业水平对产业结构升级的影响。本文对创业水平和产业结构升级的内涵和相关理论进行梳理。我们分析了国内外经典的创业理论,梳理出创业影响产业结构的微观基础,介绍了创业与经济增长、创业与产业结构的研究进展和已有结论,并对现有文献做了评述。本文对创业水平和产业结构的测度方法进行了介绍,并对我国的创业水平与产业结构的现状及存在的问题进行了归纳。我们采用创业活跃度和创业质量衡量创业水平,采用产业结构高度化和产业结构合理化衡量产业结构。分析发现,我国创业活跃度持续走高,创业质量不断上升,但在不同省份,创业水平表现出了较大的差异,东南沿海省份创业水平明显高于中西部地区。产业结构水平也呈现出了东高西低的特点。与发达国家相比,我国产业结构高度化水平仍然存在较大的差距。本文对创业促进产业结构升级的机理做了研究,并提出了四个效应。一是创业通过创新效应促进产业结构升级。创业的本质是技术创新,因此创业可以直接提升产业的技术创新水平,也可以通过对已有发明创造进行商业化运用提升产业技术水平,还可以直接进入高技术产业进行创业从而增加高技术产业比重。二是创业通过竞争效应促进产业结构升级。新创企业进入市场,会在新创企业和在位企业间形成竞争效应从而促进产业产出效率提升,并且会提升产业的创新水平。三是创业通过溢出效应促进产业结构升级。创业的“知识溢出效应”促进了产业集聚的形成和升级,通过示范效应(溢出效应的特殊表现)促进新产业的形成和发展,从而对产业结构升级产生积极作用。四是创业通过要素配置效应促进产业结构升级。特别是创业带来的劳动力流动会导致供求结构发生变化,从而促进产业结构升级。本文对我国创业水平和产业结构之间的关系进行了实证研究。通过对我国30个省市自治区面板数据的分析,发现创业质量(创新性和成长性)显著促进了产业结构高度化和产业结构合理化水平,但不同类型创业的创业活跃度对产业结构高度化和产业结构合理化水平的影响存在差异,创新型创业活跃度对产业结构高度化和合理化具有显著促进作用,一般型创业活跃度虽然促进了我国产业结构合理化水平,但抑制了我国产业结构高度化水平。本文对创业促进产业结构升级的机理进行了实证检验。一是以产出效率作为创业影响产业结构的中间变量,采用中国工业企业数据库的行业面板数据,实证分析了创业对我国制造业劳动生产率的作用效果,结果表明创业活跃度和创业质量都显著促进了行业劳动生产率的提高。二是以劳动生产率、工业集聚指数和劳动力流动作为中间变量,并引入创业与这三个变量的交乘项作为解释变量,采用我国30个省市自治区的工业企业面板数据建立模型并进行检验。结果表明创业可以通过竞争效应、溢出效应和要素配置效应促进产业结构升级。本文从创新创业及其环境的角度,对“天河现象”进行了案例研究。指出天河区对创新创业环境的不断改善从而大力促进创业水平是天河区率先实现产业结构升级的重要原因。最后,基于前期研究结论,本文提出了相应的政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The proposal of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation" makes China stress more the importance of entrepreneurship,an economic activity characterized by "creative destruction".So,can entrepreneurship promote the upgrading of industrial structure or not?And if the answer is yes,then how?To reply to the above questions,this article thoroughly analyzes the impact of China’s Entrepreneurial Level on the upgrading of industrial structure,containing the following parts: reference review,current situation description,theoretical analysis,practical test and case study.This paper clarifies the definitions and related theories of Entrepreneurial Level and industrial structural upgrading.For example,we have studied the classical entrepreneurship theory both at home and abroad to sort out the micro-basis of this impact.We have also investigated and given our review and comments on the progress and conclusions of current research on the link between entrepreneurship and economic growth& industrial structure.The second part of our work is to introduce the measurement methods of Entrepreneurial Level and industrial structure and clear up the current situation and problems of China’s.We have measured the former one through two dimensions of Entrepreneurial Activation and Quality and the latter through supererogation and rationalization of the structure.It turns out that both aspects are on the rise,however,with Entrepreneurial Level varying drastically among different provinces.To be more specific,the level of the southeast coastal provinces is significantly higher than that of the central and western regions,and the same feature is also true of the industrial structure.Compared with developed countries,there still exists a large gap in our supererogation of the structure.Through studying how entrepreneurship improves the industrial structure upgrading,this paper puts forward four factors—innovation,competition,spillover effect,and factor allocation effect.Since the essence of entrepreneurship is innovation,it can improve the technological innovation level of an industry through new inventions or the commercial application of the existing ones.Also,it will directly increase the proportion of high-tech industries if the start-up itself belongs to cutting-edge field.The second way that entrepreneurship may promote the upgrading of industrial structure is that the entry of start-up companies into the market will cause a competition effect between the new ones and the incumbents so as to increase the output efficiency and advance the innovation level of the industry.Besides,according to the knowledge spillover effect,entrepreneurship will help create and upgrade industrial clusters and new fields by demonstration effect(a special manifestation of spillover effect)and thus can exert positive impact on the structural upgrading.The last improving mechanism is factor allocation.The direct effect of labor flow caused by entrepreneurship will lead to changes in the structure of supply and demand,thus promoting the upgrading of industrial structure.This paper constructs an empirical study on the relationship between Entrepreneurship Level and the industrial structure,based on panel data of 30 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions in China.The results show that the Entrepreneurial Quality contributes a lot to supererogation and rationalization of industrial structure.The Activation,however,differs.While energizing the innovation entrepreneurship can significantly promote the both,the active common entrepreneurship will advance the rationalization but inhibit the supererogation.This essay contains another two empirical researches on the four above-mentioned mechanisms.The first one,taking output efficiency as an intermediate variable,has studied the effect of entrepreneurship on labor productivity of China’s manufacturing industry,based on the industry panel data of Chinese industrial enterprises database.And the results show that both high Entrepreneurial Activation and Quality of manufacturing industry significantly improve labor productivity of it.The second research has established a model which took Labor Productivity,Industrial Agglomeration Index and Labor Mobility Intensity as intermediate variables and added the intersection of entrepreneurship and these three factors as explanatory variables.With the model using panel data of industrial enterprises from 30 provinces in China,we have run it to test our theories above,and it turns out that entrepreneurship does help the industrial structure upgrading through competition,spillover,and factor allocation effects.Next,we have carried out a case study,from the perspective of innovation,entrepreneurship and the environment for it,on the "Tianhe phenomenon",which points out that the continuous enhancement of the habitat for innovation and entrepreneurship in Tianhe District is a main reason for this area to have first realized the upgrading of industrial structure.Finally,based on the previous research conclusions,we have proposed the corresponding policy recommendations.更多还原