【作者】 沈启容；

【导师】 陆小聪；

【作者基本信息】 上海大学 ， 社会学， 2023， 博士

【摘要】 在我国社会转型的背景下,人口流动速度加快、社会资源配置不均衡、社会矛盾日益尖锐、群体利益诉求分化、社会自组织能力迅速发展等都对传统治理方式提出挑战。在现代社会,社区的概念削弱了血缘和地缘的要素,但社区作为一种共同体的存在形式,仍然具有明显的社会性。社区教育经历了从家庭教育到社会教育,从校外教育到终身教育的发展历程,是生长在社区的一种活动载体,是在国民教育体系之外的所有满足市民精神文化需求的各种教育形式。1986年上海市普陀区真如中学成立社会教育委员会,拉开了中国社区教育的序幕。三十多年来,面对中老年人、外来人口、弱势群体等不同人群,社区教育作为基层社区维稳策略的辅助手段、休闲文化的补充形式和群体生活的公共空间,在不同的历史时期解决的问题、发展的重点和呈现的形态都不尽相同,成为社会和时代变革的产物。笔者试图以社区教育作为一个切入口,通过涂尔干社会团结概念中的社会容量、整合程度、道德密度、利他主义、集体意识等指标,以社区教育的普惠化、组织化、功能化为出发点,对应到基层社会治理的多元主体、平等参与、互信、互惠、共识等要素,论证在基层社会治理的视域下,社区教育的有效形式和积极路径,实现主体多元、平等参与、互相信任、互惠互利、形成共识的治理成效。在基层社会治理的视域背景下,对于社区教育的理解,不仅要从教育本身入手,更要从社区入手,从学习共同体到社区共同体的演化是社区教育的底层逻辑,治理的意义也在于过程而非结果,对社区教育的研究和实践要放在社会治理的大框架下才能凸显出意义。从社区教育普惠化的角度来看,人们在社区教育中,与其说是学习的需求,毋宁说是聚合的需求,学习共同体是人们在学习中熟悉和互动的载体。社区教育整合了不同阶层人群,整合了大量“单位社会”或“体制”之外的群体,也整合了不同年龄层的群体,为其带来群体生活的安全感,赋予其生活以新的意义,提供实现自我价值的舞台。社区教育成为个人维系于社会和群体的一个纽带,通过聚合和参与,不同阶层的群体都激发出参与集体活动的社会性,集体情感随之生发,并转化为集体行动,循环往复的过程整合进更多的群体,让这个整合机制具有了原动力。社区教育为居民提供了一个重要的公共空间,“社会”的主体性得到了确立,公共空间得到拓展。从社区教育组织化的角度来看,社区教育作为一种相对柔性的非正式制度,在基层社区建立区域性协商议事制度,界定社区道德规范体系。社区教育强化了成员间的身份和认同感,让居民确信和认识到自己是一个有价值的个体,是一个共享相似的利益和资源的社会群体的成员。社区教育扩大了社区成员互相信任的网络规模,成为社区居民自我管理、自我学习、自我娱乐、自我提高的载体,延伸和拓展了市民学习的空间和场域。社会网络内的社会资本的增加,包括其封闭结构、密度和关系强度,团体动员和内容互动的过程,以及共同形成和遵守乡规民约的过程,都是塑造信任、声誉、互惠和监督机制的关键。从社区教育功能化的角度来看,社区教育通过意识形态的宣传和氛围的营造、大型活动和仪式和价值观的渗透,成为公民教育、意识形态输出的阵地。社区教育营造的群体活动空间,更加能够强化这种宣传的效果,并进而作用于人们的行为导向。集体意识的构建让人们能够在共同的集体行动中达成一致,随之催生出来的集体情感和力量,让这种集体表现更具有凝聚力和团结力。社区教育是一种中介结构,政策的意图通过这类中介机构来实现社会目的,行为的规训和生活方式的习得依赖集体意识的建构不断迭代。社会团结的关系紧密程度主要取决于集体意识与个人的联系,集体意识将个体与社会的价值观念联系起来,从而让基层社会治理获得更强的合法性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the background of social transformation in our country,rapid population flow,unbalanced allocation of social resources,increasingly acute social contradictions,group interest differentiation and rapid development of social self-organization have challenged the traditional governance mode.In modern society,the concept of community weakens the elements of consanguinity and geography,but community,as a form of community,still has obvious sociality.Community education has experienced the development from family education to social education,from out-of-school education to life-long education.It is an activity carrier growing in the community.In 1986,Shanghai Putuo District Zhenru Middle School established the Social Education Committee,which opened the prologue of Chinese community education.For more than30 years,facing different groups of people,such as middle-aged and old people,non-native people and disadvantaged groups,community education has become the product of social and epoch changes.he author attempts to take community education as an entry point,through the social capacity,integration degree,moral density,Altruism,collective consciousness and other indicators in Durkheim’s concept of social solidarity,taking the universalization,organization and functionalization of community education as the starting point,and corresponding to the multiple subjects,equal participation,mutual trust,mutual benefit,consensus and other elements of grassroots social governance,to demonstrate that in the perspective of grass-roots social governance,The effective form and positive path of community education,achieving governance effectiveness of diverse subjects,equal participation,mutual trust,mutual benefit,and consensus formation.In the context of grassroots social governance,the understanding of community education should not only start from the education itself,but also from the community.The evolution from the learning community to the community is the underlying logic of community education,and the significance of governance lies in the process rather than the outcome.The research and practice of community education should be placed within the framework of social governance to highlight its significance.From the perspective of inclusive community education,learning community is not so much the demand for learning as the demand for aggregation.Community education integrates different classes of people,a large number of groups other than "unit society" or "system",as well as groups of different ages,bringing them a sense of security,giving them a new meaning to life,and providing a stage for realizing their self-value.Community education has become a link between individuals and the society and groups.Through aggregation and participation,groups of different classes have aroused the sociality of participation in collective activities,and then the collective emotion is generated and transformed into collective action.The cyclic process is integrated into more groups,so that the integration mechanism has a driving force.Community education provides residents with a significant public space,and the subjectivity of "society" is established and the public space is expanded.From the perspective of organizing community education,community education,as a relatively flexible informal system,establishes regional deliberative system and defines community ethics system.Community education reinforces the sense of identity and identity among members,assuring and recognizing residents that they are valuable individuals and members of a social group sharing similar interests and resources.Community education expands the network scale of mutual trust among community members,and becomes the carrier of self-management,self-learning,selfentertainment and self-improvement.The growth of social capital within social networks,including its closed structure,density and relationship strength,the process of group mobilization and content interaction,and the process of joint formation and adherence to local rules and conventions,are key to building trust,reputation,reciprocity and oversight mechanisms.From the perspective of functionalization of community education,community education has become the front of civic education and ideology output through ideological propaganda and atmosphere,large-scale activities,ceremonies and values.The community education creates the community activity space,can strengthen this kind of propaganda the effect,and then affects in people’s behavior guidance.The construction of collective consciousness enables people to reach an agreement in common collective action,and the resulting collective emotion and strength makes the collective performance more cohesive and cohesive.Community education is a kind of intermediary structure through which the policy aims to achieve social goals.Behavior discipline and life style acquisition depend on the construction of collective consciousness.The close relationship of social solidarity mainly depends on the connection between collective consciousness and individual.Collective consciousness connects individual with social values,thus makes social governance more legitimate.更多还原