【作者】 张帅；

【导师】 房宽峻；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 纺织科学与工程， 2023， 博士

【摘要】 传统染料印染过程中往往存在废水色度深、含盐量高、能耗较大等环境污染和产品附加值较低的问题。基于上述问题,本研究紧紧围绕纤维通用高性能多功能环保着色材料开展应用基础研究,设计不同染料/聚合物复合纳米球,完善纤维着色理论,提高纺织品的功能附加值,助力纺织印染行业可持续发展和转型升级。主要研究内容如下:（1）活性染料纳米球的制备及阳离子棉织物的清洁染色。采用无皂乳液聚合方法制备了阳离子聚苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-乙烯基苄基三甲基氯化铵P（St-BA-VBT）纳米球,通过静电相互作用制备了活性染料/聚（St-BA-VBT）复合纳米球。探究了染料含量、p H、电解质和染料结构对染料纳米球性能的影响。与普通活性染料相比,活性染料纳米球对棉织物表现出更优异的着色性能和更高的染料利用率。（2）阳离子聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）染料纳米球的合成及棉织物清洁染色。使用阳离子聚合物PEI对活性染料/聚（St-BA-VBT）复合纳米球进行改性,通过控制PEI的分子量、浓度和p H值可以实现活性染料的高效负载。阳离子染料纳米球可直接对棉织物实现高性能着色,无需棉织物的阳离子化改性。（3）核壳型PEI染料纳米球的制备及喷墨印花性能研究。为了进一步增强染料纳米球的溶液稳定性,选用高分子量的PEI对染料纳米球改性,制备了一种高性能的PEI染料纳米球（PBVP（R218））,可直接用于棉织物的清洁喷墨印花。在喷墨打印过程中展现出优异的墨滴喷射性能,且具有工艺简洁、化学品与能源消耗低等优势。（4）利用彩色聚合物纳米球的固化成膜机制,一步构建了疏水和抗紫外的彩色棉织物。通过阳离子PEI/活性染料聚合物纳米球（CPNP（R218））对棉织物环保染色,进一步探究了染料纳米球自固化成膜机制,实现了棉织物疏水性和抗紫外线性能的提升。（5）为了进一步增强彩色棉织物的功能性,通过超声喷涂多功能染料/聚合物纳米球在织物表面构建功能涂层。制备了多功能有机/无机复合分散染料纳米球Si O₂@DPBA和ZIF-8@DPBA,探究了不同合成因素对彩色纳米颗粒形貌及性能的影响。通过与聚甲基氢硅氧烷（PMHS）协同作用,在不同织物表面构建多功能涂层。更多还原

【Abstract】 In traditional dye printing and dyeing processes,there are suffer problems of wastewater with deep chromaticity,high salt content,and energy consumption in wastewater,as well as low added value of products.Based on those issues,the study focuses on basic research of fiber universal high-performance multifunctional environmental protection coloring materials.Designing different dye/polymer composite nanospheres to improve fiber coloring theory,increase the functional added value of textiles,and assistant the sustainable development and transformation and upgrading of textile printing and dyeing industry.The research content of this dissertation is as follows:（1）Preparation of reactive dye nanospheres and clean dyeing of cationic cotton fabrics.Cationic poly（St-BA-VBT）nanospheres were prepared by soap free lotion polymerization.The reactive dye/poly（St-BA-VBT）composite nanospheres were prepared by electrostatic interaction.The effects of dye content,p H,electrolyte,and dye structure on the performance of dye nanospheres were explored sequential.Compared with ordinary reactive dyes,reactive dye nanospheres exhibit better dyeing performance and higher dye utilization rate on cotton fabrics.（2）Synthesis of cationic polyethylene imine（PEI）dye nanospheres and clean dyeing of cotton fabrics.Reactive dye/poly（St-BA-VBT）composite nanospheres were modified by cationic polymer PEI.By controlling the molecular weight,concentration,and p H value of PEI,achieve the efficient loading of reactive dyes to nanospheres.The obtained cationic dye nanospheres can directly achieve high-performance dyeing of cotton fabrics.（3）Preparation and inkjet printing performance of core-shell PEI dye nanospheres.To further enhance the solution stability of dye nanospheres,a high-performance PEI dye nanospheres（PBVP（R218））were prepared through the modification of dye nanospheres by high molecular weight PEI,which can be directly used for efficient inkjet printing of cotton fabrics.In the inkjet printing process,PBVP（R218）exhibits excellent sprayability with advantages of simple process and low chemical consumption.（4）By utilizing the cured film-forming mechanism of colored polymer nanospheres,a hydrophobic and UV resistant colored cotton fabric was constructed in one step.Cationic PEI/reactive dye polymer nanospheres（CPNP（R218））were used for environmentally friendly dyeing of cotton fabrics.The self-cured film-forming properties of dye nanospheres endow cotton fabrics with excellent hydrophobicity and UV resistance,which mechanism were further explored.（5）To further enhance the functionality of colored cotton fabrics,multifunctional dispersed dye/polymer nanospheres were prepared successfully.that coated on the surface of the fabric by ultrasonic spraying.Multifunctional organic/inorganic composite disperse dye nanospheres Si O₂@DPBA and ZIF-8@DPBA were prepared.The effects of different synthesis factors on the morphology and properties of colored nanoparticles were investigated.By collaborating with polymethylhydrosiloxane（PMHS）,multifunctional coatings were constructed on different fabric surfaces.更多还原