【作者】 黄磊；

【导师】 郝艳捧；

【作者基本信息】 华南理工大学 ， 电气工程， 2023， 博士

【摘要】 冬季持续低温雨雪凝冻会导致架空输电线路表面覆冰,严重威胁电网运行安全。近年我国电网大面积冰灾事故频发,不仅造成了巨大的经济损失和社会影响,还阻碍了超、特高压输电的布局发展。目前检测绝缘子和导线覆冰的手段存在1)在恶劣天气中无法使用,2)监测设备电源长时间供电受到限制,3)载重大难以兼容现场条件等问题,不能满足工业需求。光纤传感是实现定量定位检测绝缘子和导线覆冰的关键技术,本文在110k V复合绝缘子中植入6根各级联13个准分布式布拉格光栅(FBG)的光纤,研制出能检测覆冰的光纤复合绝缘子,在此基础上研究了绝缘子伞裙覆冰的定位、定量检测方法、运行绝缘子和运行导线覆冰区分检测方法、模拟绝缘子和模拟导线覆冰区分检测方法。具体研究内容如下:1.研究了光纤复合绝缘子用于测量架空输电线路覆冰的三种方式,包括区分测量运行绝缘子和导线覆冰、区分测量模拟绝缘子和模拟导线覆冰,以及单独测量模拟绝缘子覆冰。利用界面准分布式布拉格光栅研究定位检测复合绝缘子雨凇覆冰,对伞裙上有雨凇荷载时的情况进行了仿真计算,建立了“单伞单雨凇三FBG”力学杠杆模型,发现了深“M”型周向雨凇的FBG传感规律和“上负下正”轴向雨凇的FBG传感规律。基于该模型和FBG的轴向/周向传感规律,提出了多伞裙多雨凇定位检测方法。2.研究了模拟绝缘子定量检测复合绝缘子覆冰的方法。对光纤复合绝缘子进行了温度标定,进行了实验室覆冰验证,并在中国贵州某观冰站进行现场自然覆冰检测试验,研究了覆冰类型,探讨了覆冰机理。实验室覆冰定量平均绝对误差为12.4 g,平均相对误差为26.08%。贵州观冰站现场自然覆冰定量检测试验,绝缘子每个伞裙平均186.2 g的混合淞检测平均绝对误差为24.6 g,相对误差13.2%。检测每个伞裙42.5 g～60.4 g的雨凇平均绝对误差为9.7 g,平均相对误差20.6%。3.研究了运行绝缘子区分测量伞裙雨凇荷载和导线覆冰荷载的方法。建立了复合绝缘子带运行导线和伞檐单雨凇的有限元仿真模型。研究了模拟导线的最小长度,对绝缘子进行了拉力标定试验,用竖直拉力机模拟导线覆冰,砝码模拟伞裙覆冰。研究了光纤根数对测量准确性的影响。无导线的模拟绝缘子伞裙雨凇覆冰测量相对误差范围为-7.3%～-2.7%。200 m档距导线时伞裙雨凇荷载测量相对误差范围为-11.5%～-3.8%,导线覆冰测量相对误差范围为-16.5%～9.0%,绝对误差范围为-0.83～1.5 mm。4.研究了模拟绝缘子区分测量绝缘子和模拟导线上覆冰的方法。建立了光纤复合绝缘子作为模拟绝缘子带模拟导线和伞檐单雨凇的有限元仿真模型。进行了模拟导线覆冰荷载阈值以及各FBG的下端垂直荷载系数标定试验、实验室模拟覆冰试验和自然覆冰现场试验。现场自然覆冰检测试验中,对于伞裙覆冰重量测量,每个伞裙的测量绝对误差为13.2 g～16.6 g,相对误差为10.86%～13.66%。对于模拟导线覆冰厚度测量,绝对误差为0.1～0.7 mm,相对误差为5.88%～27.27%。更多还原

【Abstract】 When the winter continues with low temperatures and ice rain condensation,the surface of the overhead transmission lines will be covered with ice.Transmission line ice is extremely destructive to the safe operation of the power grid.In recent years,the frequent occurrence of large-scale ice disasters in China’s power grid has not only caused huge economic losses and social impacts,but also hindered the layout and development of ultra-high voltage transmission.At present,there are issues with the detection of insulator and conductor icing,such as 1)inability to use in harsh weather,2)prolonged power supply limitations on monitoring equipment,3)difficulty in compatibility with on-site conditions due to heavy loads,which cannot meet industrial needs.Fiber optic sensing is a key technology for achieving quantitative positioning and detection of insulator and wire icing,this paper implants 6 optical fibers with 13 quasi distributed Bragg gratings(FBGs)connected into110 k V composite insulators,and develops a fiber optic composite insulator that can detect icing.On this basis,the positioning and quantitative detection methods of insulator umbrella skirt icing,the distinguishing detection methods of operating insulators and operating conductors icing,and the distinguishing detection methods of simulated insulators and simulated conductors icing were studied.The main research contents are as follows:1.Three methods for measuring icing on overhead transmission lines using fiber optic composite insulators were studied,including distinguishing between measuring operational insulators and wire icing,distinguishing between measuring simulated insulators and simulating wire icing,and measuring simulated insulator icing separately.Using interface quasi distributed Bragg gratings to study the positioning of icing on composite insulators,simulation calculations were conducted on the umbrella skirt with glaze icing load.A " single glaze icing load on single umbrella with three FBGs" mechanical lever model was established,and the deep "M" type circumferential FBG sensing law of icing load and the "upper negative and lower positive" axial FBG sensing law of icing load were discovered.Based on this model and the axial/circumferential sensing law of FBG,a multi-umbrella with multi-glaze icing load localization detection method is proposed.2.A method for quantitatively detecting icing on composite insulators using simulated insulators was studied.Temperature calibration was performed on fiber optic composite insulators,laboratory icing verification was conducted,and on-site natural icing detection experiments were conducted at an ice observation station in Guizhou,China.The types of icing were studied,and the icing mechanism was explored.The average absolute error of laboratory icing quantification is 12.4 g,and the average relative error is 26.08%.The quantitative detection test of natural icing at Guizhou Ice Station showed that the average absolute error of mixed ice detection for each umbrella skirt of insulators was 24.6 g,with a relative error of 13.2%.The average absolute error of glaze icing load for each umbrella skirt between 42.5 g and 60.4 g is 9.7 g,and the average relative error is 20.6%.3.A method for distinguishing and measuring the glaze icing load on the umbrella skirt and the icing load on the conductor using running insulators was studied.A finite element simulation model was established for the running conductor with ice and composite insulator with a single glaze icing load on umbrella eaves.The minimum length of the simulated conductor was studied,and tensile calibration tests were conducted on the insulator.Verification experiments were conducted using a vertical tensile machine to simulate conductor icing and a weight to simulate umbrella skirt icing.The relative error range for measuring the icing on the umbrella skirt of simulated insulators without conductors is-7.3%to-2.7%.The relative error range for measuring umbrella skirt glaze icing load on a 200 meter span conductor is-11.5% to-3.8%,the relative error range for measuring conductor icing is-16.5% to 9.0%,and the absolute error range is-0.83 to 1.5 mm.4.A method for distinguishing and measuring the glaze icing load on the umbrella skirt and the icing load on the conductor using simulated insulators was studied.A finite element simulation model was established for the simulated conductor with ice and simulated composite insulator with a single glaze icing load on umbrella eaves.The ice-covering load threshold of the simulated conductor and the lower vertical load factor of each FBG are calibrated,and the simulated ice-covering test in the test room and the natural ice-covering field test are conducted.In the on-site natural icing detection experiment,for the weight measurement of umbrella skirt icing,the absolute error of each umbrella skirt measurement is13.2 g～16.6 g,and the relative error is 10.86%～13.66%.For the measurement of simulated conductor icing thickness,the absolute error is 0.1～0.7 mm,and the relative error is5.88%～27.27%.更多还原