【作者】 刘欢；

【导师】 安立仁；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 企业管理， 2023， 博士

【摘要】 在知识经济时代,知识管理不仅成为助推中国企业动态能力发展的重要手段,更是企业建立起自己独特优势、管理无形资产的科学方法。知识管理的核心内容是促进知识传递,并在很大程度上依赖于知识型员工的知识共享行为。尽管管理者们采取了多种激励措施以鼓励知识型员工之间的知识共享,但知识共享效果并不尽如人意,事实上仍然有很多知识型员工选择故意隐藏或保留自己的知识。知识隐藏是已被证实存在的一种消极知识行为,会影响知识的传播与创新,并对创新绩效、人际关系都会产生严重的影响。这种隐于内心但却阻碍知识流通的知识行为更加易于发生在知识资源丰富、创造性强、自主性高的知识型员工身上。探索知识型员工知识隐藏的影响因素有助于掌握该行为发生规律,并据此制定出更加合理、高效的知识管理策略,从而促进组织内部知识的有效流通与创新。在已有知识隐藏相关研究成果中,鲜有研究者基于社会网络视角探索知识隐藏影响因素,尤其是对于承载丰富知识资源的知识型员工的相关研究更为欠缺。忽略知识型员工嵌入在社会网络中这一事实而对其知识隐藏影响因素进行研究显然是不足以解释这一行为现象的。根据社会网络理论,在组织中基于知识型员工知识、信息的流动以及人际关系的交织而形成复杂社会网络,反过来,复杂社会网络也会对嵌入在其中的知识型员工的行为选择、心理过程等方面产生重要的影响。因此,有必要进一步探索社会网络视角下知识型员工知识隐藏的影响因素。本文基于社会网络视角,结合社会网络理论、资源保存理论和社会信息加工理论,围绕“社会网络是如何影响知识型员工知识隐藏的?”这一核心问题确定“网络-行为”的主逻辑线,在梳理重要变量相关文献的基础上,将研究按照网络结构和网络情境两方面细分为两个子研究。其中子研究一基于“网络-结构-行为”逻辑线探索了以下问题:(1)社会网络结构视角下的网络位置对知识型员工知识隐藏会产生怎样的影响?(2)知识型员工的知识获取会对网络位置与知识隐藏之间的关系产生怎样的影响?针对以上问题构建子研究一理论模型,并提出研究假设。通过正式调研获取了325份样本数据,采用社会网络分析、分层回归分析等方法,运用UCINET、SPSS、AMOS等软件对提出假设进行检验,结果显示,5个研究假设得到了验证,1个假设不支持。子研究二基于“网络-情境-行为”逻辑线探索了以下问题:(1)社会网络情境视角下的网络惯例会对知识型员工知识隐藏产生怎样的影响?(2)创新氛围和双元领导这两个重要组织情境变量会对知识型员工知识隐藏产生怎样的影响?并且创新氛围和双元领导分别在网络惯例与知识型员工知识隐藏之间的关系中发挥着怎样的作用?针对以上问题构建子研究二理论模型,并提出研究假设。通过正式调研获取了596份样本数据,运用SPSS、AMOS等软件通过问卷调查、分层回归分析等方法对提出假设进行检验,结果显示,7个研究假设得到了验证,1个假设不支持。本文的结论和创新之处主要体现在以下四个方面:其一,基于社会网络视角从网络结构和网络情境两方面探索了知识型员工知识隐藏影响因素。为解决当下知识隐藏产生的消极影响,从社会网络视角提供了新的理论建议,拓展了社会网络理论的解释视角。一方面,本文响应了加强社会网络理论应用于知识隐藏研究的建议,并进一步关注最能反映个体网络位置的中心度和结构洞变量,分别考察了中心度和结构洞对知识型员工知识隐藏产生的影响。另一方面,本文回应了加强情境变量对知识隐藏影响研究的呼吁,并考察了网络惯例情境对知识型员工知识隐藏产生的影响。研究结果不仅丰富了知识型员工知识隐藏前因研究成果,更是为探究知识型员工知识隐藏影响机制提供了新的研究视角,打开了社会网络视角下知识型员工知识隐藏影响机制的黑箱。其二,详细论证了网络位置对知识型员工知识隐藏的影响机制,为探索网络位置、知识型员工知识隐藏和知识获取之间的关系机制提供了新的洞见。通过文献梳理与归纳发现,现有中心度和结构洞在知识管理领域的相关研究成果多围绕积极的知识行为展开,鲜有研究注意到它们对消极知识行为产生的影响,特别是对知识型员工知识隐藏产生的影响仍不清晰,本文在理论层面将网络位置从积极的知识行为作用范围推进到消极的知识行为作用范围;另外,已有研究者发现了结构洞悖论问题,即一部分学者认为结构洞不利于组织内部的知识流通与转移,但一部分学者认为占据更多的结构洞对于组织内部的知识流动会产生积极的作用。本文研究结果支持了结构洞位置会促进知识型员工知识隐藏的发生,这一结论也推进了结构洞与知识转移之间这一争议问题的讨论。此外,本文探索了知识获取在网络位置与知识型员工知识隐藏之间关系中发挥的调节作用,研究结果对组织内部知识资源的调配与整合提供了理论指导与实践启示。其三,揭示了网络惯例不同维度对知识型员工知识隐藏的影响机制,不仅发现了行为默契负向影响知识型员工知识隐藏的线性关系,还发现了规范共识与知识型员工知识隐藏之间U型的非线性关系。这一研究结果表明行为默契和稳定的规范共识能够减少知识型员工的知识隐藏,但过于稳定的规范共识却会增加知识型员工知识隐藏。研究结果在理论层面将网络惯例推进到消极知识行为作用范围,不仅揭示了网络惯例不同维度对知识型员工知识隐藏的影响机制,还为管理者们基于网络惯例情境视角制定知识管理策略提供了新的思路与方法。其四,回应了呼吁在探究网络惯例作用机制的过程中引入情境变量这一建议,考察了创新氛围和双元领导分别在网络惯例与知识型员工知识隐藏之间的关系中发挥的边界作用。除此之外,厘清了创新氛围、双元领导分别与知识型员工知识隐藏之间的关系机制,并认为创新氛围和双元领导是提高组织知识资源有效流动和创新绩效的重要情境因素,且能够抑制知识型员工的知识隐藏。研究结果不仅拓展了网络惯例情境视角相关研究,还延展了创新氛围和双元领导理论的解释视角。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the era of knowledge economy,knowledge management has not only become an important means to boost the dynamic capability development of Chinese enterprises,but also become a scientific method for enterprises to establish their own unique advantages and manage intangible assets.The core content of knowledge management is to promote knowledge transfer,and it depends on the knowledge sharing behavior of knowledge workers to a large extent.Although managers take various incentive measures to encourage knowledge sharing among knowledge workers,the effect of knowledge sharing is not satisfactory.In fact,there are still many knowledge workers choose to deliberately hide or retain their knowledge.Knowledge hiding is a kind of negative knowledge behavior that has been proved to exist.It will affect knowledge transmission and innovation,and have a serious impact on innovation performance and interpersonal relationship.This kind of knowledge behavior,which is hidden in the heart but impedes the flow of knowledge,is more likely to happen on knowledge workers with rich knowledge resources,strong creativity and high autonomy.Exploring the influencing factors of knowledge employees’hidden knowledge is helpful to grasp the law of the occurrence of knowledge behaviors,and formulate more reasonable and efficient knowledge management strategies,so as to promote the effective circulation and innovation of knowledge resources within the organization.In the literature on knowledge hiding,few researchers discuss the antecedents of knowledge hiding from the perspective of social networks,especially for knowledge workers with rich knowledge resources.Ignoring the fact that knowledge workers are embedded in social networks and studying the influencing factors of knowledge hiding is obviously not enough to explain this behavior.According to the social network theory,complex social networks are formed in organizations based on knowledge workers’flow of information and interweaving of interpersonal relationships.In turn,complex social networks will also have an important impact on the behavioral choices and psychological processes of knowledge workers embedded in them.Therefore,It is necessary to further study the antecedent variables of knowledge hiding among knowledge workers from the perspective of social network.Based on the perspective of social network,combining social network theory,resource preservation theory and social information processing theory,this dissertation focuses on"How does social network affect knowledge hiding among knowledge workers?"This core issue determines the main logical line of"network-behavior".Based on the review of relevant literature on important variables,the research is subdivided into two sub-studies in terms of network structure and network context.Based on the"network-structure-behavior"logic line,sub-study 1 explores the following questions:(1)How does network location influence knowledge hiding among knowledge workers from the perspective of social network structure?(2)How do knowledge acquisition behaviors of knowledge workers affect the relationship between network location and knowledge hiding?In order to solve the above problems,this dissertation constructs a theoretical model of sub-study 1 based on the perspective of social network structure,and puts forward the research hypothesis.325 sample data were obtained through formal investigation.Social network analysis,hierarchical regression analysis and other methods were used to test the proposed hypotheses by using UCINET,SPSS,AMOS and other software.The results showed that 5 research hypotheses were verified and 1 hypothesis was not supported.Based on the"network-context-behavior"logic line,sub-study 2 explores the following questions:(1)How does network routines affect knowledge hiding among knowledge workers from the perspective of social network context?(2)How do two important organizational situational variables,innovation climate and dual leadership,affect knowledge hiding among knowledge workers?And what roles do innovation climate and dual leadership play in the relationship between network routines and knowledge hiding among knowledge workers?In order to solve the above problems,this dissertation constructs a theoretical model of substudy 2 based on the perspective of social network situation,and puts forward the research hypothesis.A total of 596 sample data were obtained through formal investigation.SPSS,AMOS and other software were used to test the proposed hypotheses through hierarchical regression analysis.The results showed that 7research hypotheses were verified and 1 hypothesis was not supported.The conclusions and innovations of this dissertation are introduced from four aspects:First,based on the perspective of social network,This dissertation discusses the influence of network structure and network context on knowledge hiding of knowledge workers.In order to solve the negative effects of knowledge hiding,this dissertation provides new theoretical suggestions from the perspective of social network,and expands the interpretation perspective of social network theory.On the one hand,this dissertation responds to the suggestion of strengthening the application of social network theory to the research on knowledge hiding,and further pays attention to the centrality and structural hole variables,which can best reflect the individual network position,and investigates the influence of centrality and structural hole on knowledge hiding of knowledge workers respectively.On the other hand,this dissertation responds to the call to strengthen the research on the influence of situational variables on knowledge hiding,and examines the influence of network routine situations on knowledge hiding of knowledge workers.The research results not only enrich the research results of the ante-causes of knowledge hiding among knowledge workers,but also provide a new research perspective for exploring the influence mechanism of knowledge hiding among knowledge workers,and open the black box of the influence mechanism of knowledge hiding among knowledge workers from the perspective of social network.Second,the influence mechanism of network location on knowledge hiding of knowledge workers is demonstrated in detail,which provides new insights for exploring the relationship mechanism between network location,knowledge hiding of knowledge workers and knowledge acquisition.Through literature review and induction,it is found that the existing research results of centrality and structure hole in the field of knowledge management mostly focus on positive knowledge behavior,and few studies have paid attention to their impact on negative knowledge behavior,especially on knowledge hiding of knowledge workers.In this dissertation,the network position is promoted from the positive knowledge behavior to the negative knowledge behavior.In addition,some researchers have found the paradox of"structural holes",that is,some scholars believe that structural holes are not conducive to knowledge flow and transfer within organizations,while some scholars believe that occupying more structural holes will have a positive effect on knowledge flow within organizations.The results of this study support that the location of structural holes can promote knowledge hiding among knowledge workers,and this conclusion also promotes the discussion on the controversial issue between structural holes and knowledge transfer.In addition,this dissertation explores the moderating role of knowledge acquisition in the relationship between network location and knowledge hiding of knowledge workers,and the research results have good theoretical significance for the allocation and integration of knowledge resources within organizations.Third,it reveals the influence mechanism of different dimensions of network routines on knowledge hiding of knowledge workers.It not only finds the linear relationship of tacit behavior negatively affecting knowledge hiding of knowledge workers,but also finds the U-shaped nonlinear relationship between normative consensus and knowledge hiding of knowledge workers.The results show that tacit behavior and stable normative consensus can reduce knowledge hiding among knowledge workers,but too stable normative consensus can increase knowledge hiding among knowledge workers.The results of this study extend network routines to the scope of negative knowledge behavior in theory,not only reveal the influence mechanism of different dimensions of network routines on knowledge hiding of knowledge workers,but also provide new ideas and methods for managers to formulate knowledge management strategies based on the perspective of network routines.Fourth,in response to the suggestion that situational variables should be introduced into the process of exploring the mechanism of network routines,the boundary roles of innovation climate and dual leadership in the relationship between network routines and knowledge hiding among knowledge workers are examined.In addition,the relationship mechanism between innovation climate,dual leadership and knowledge hiding of knowledge workers is clarified,and it is considered that innovation climate and dual leadership are important situational factors to improve the effective flow of knowledge resources and innovation performance,and can inhibit knowledge hiding of knowledge workers.The results of this study not only expand the research from the perspective of network routines situation,but also extends the interpretation perspective of innovation climate and dual leadership theory.更多还原