【作者】 刘敏；

【导师】 杨光荣；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 中国少数民族语言文学， 2023， 博士

【摘要】 本文以冕宁县联合乡纳木义语的谓词为调查研究对象,借鉴描写语法的原则,综合运用现代语言学的基本理论,并兼顾传统语法和参考语法的研究范式,对冕宁县联合乡纳木义语谓词进行了细致、系统、深入、全面的共时描写分析与研究。全文分八章。第一章绪论。主要介绍纳木义藏族的概况,包括纳木义藏族的分布、历史渊源、生产劳动与经济、风俗习惯、语言使用情况,纳木义语的国内外研究现状,本文的选题价值、难点、理论基础、研究方法、研究对象及语料来源等。第二章纳木义语的简况。介绍了纳木义语的声母、韵母、声调,对声母、韵母、声调的构成及特点进行描写与说明,描写了除谓词以外名词、数词、量词、代词、副词、结构助词、连词、语气词的用法,并且描写了常见的词缀用法,介绍了纳木义语的基本语序结构类型。第三章纳木义语谓词的词法研究。主要描写了谓词的构词规则和谓词的语义关系。举例描写了纳木义语谓词中的同音词、近义词与反义词。第四章纳木义语谓词的分类。动词根据能否带宾语分为及物动词与不及物动词,又根据语义分为行为动词、辅助动词、判断动词、趋向动词和存在动词。形容词根据语义分为感官形容词、内质形容词、情感心智形容词和评价形容词。根据用法分为体词性形容词和谓词性形容词。并对纳木义语的存在动词、趋向动词、量度形容词进行了专题研究。纳木义语存在动词有八个,分析了存在动词的制约因素及侧重点;描绘了存在动词的概念空间和语义图;探讨了存在动词的来源及演变。趋向动词有二十一个,分为单纯趋向动词和派生趋向动词。从语义、语法功能、语法化三方面对纳木义语趋向动词进行系统描写,分析了纳木义语趋向动词的语义特征、句法功能、语法化情况。量度形容词中描写了纳木义语中九组量度形容词的基本义与隐喻义,探讨纳木义语量度形容词的句法结构特点,并比较分析了纳木义语量度形容词与汉语量度形容词的共性与差异。第五章纳木义语的语法范畴。详细描写了冕宁县纳木义语谓词的人称与数范畴、趋向范畴、否定范畴、体范畴、式范畴、态范畴。其中体范畴包括已行体、进行体、将行体、即行体、方过体、完成体、经验体。式范畴包括陈述式、疑问式。态范畴包括互动态、被动态、使动态。第六章纳木义语谓词的句法功能。先描写动词的句法功能,动词最主要的功能是作谓语,还可以充当主语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。再描写形容词的句法功能,形容词的最主要的句法功能是作定语,还可以充当主语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。并且描写了动词和形容词重叠后的句法功能。第七章纳木义谓词的短语。把谓词短语分为固定短语与自由短语,固定短语又分为紧式固定短语、松式固定短语。自由短语又包括了主谓短语、述宾短语、状中短语、述补短语、联合短语、连谓短语、兼语短语等。重点分析各结构的句法组成成分,有的还考察短语的语义类型。第八章纳木义动词与形容词的比较。本章从词的构造、词的音节数、动词与形容词二者的下属分类、语法范畴、句法功能等方面对纳木义语的动词和形容词进行全面、细致的比较,寻找二者的异同。结语。认为纳木义语兼具分析语、黏着语的一些特点,纳木义语的语言类型是分析与黏着综合语。并举例说明了纳木义语的分析性特点与黏着性特点。创新之处:本文是系统、全面地对冕宁县联合乡纳木义语的谓词进行共时描写和分析的新著,所用的材料全部是作者田野调查所得,详实丰富。对纳木义语的存在动词、趋向动词、量度形容词方面进行深入、细致的专题研究。在研究方法方面,既注重运用传统语法进行共时描写,又能将现代语言学理论对共时现象进行分析,如运用概念空间和语义地图理论分析纳木义语的存在动词,运用范畴理论对纳木义语谓词进行分类,用语法化理论探讨了一些语法现象。研究不足之处及后续工作:对语言现象描写多,解释不够深入,理论分析不均衡,一些语法现象没能进行穷尽式研究。田野调查主要参考了语言类型学与参考语法的调查框架,尽可能的对纳木义语的语法现象进行描写,调查结果可能受到调查框架的限制和影响。后续将用实验语音学的方法对纳木义语的语音进行全面、细致的研究。并将纳木义语的谓词与彝语支、羌语支等藏缅语支的其他语言进行比较研究,发掘其亲源关系,并找出彝语、汉语对纳木义语的影响。全文共有四个附录:1.长篇语料十篇;2.民歌歌词八种;3.民间习俗两个;4.谓词表。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper takes the predicates of the Namuyi language in Mianning county at Lianhe Township as the research object,draws on the principles of descriptive grammar,makes comprehensive use of the basic theories of modern linguistics,and takes into account the research paradigm of traditional grammar,to conduct a detailed,systematic,in-depth and comprehensive synchronic description and analysis of the structure and characteristics of the predicates of the Namuyi language in Mianning County.This paper is divided into eight chapters.Chapter One.Introduction.Mainly introduces the general situation of the the Namuyi Tibetan ethnic group,including its distribution,historical origin,productive labor and economy,customs and habits,language usage,the current research status of the Namuyi language at home and abroad,and the value,difficulties,theoretical basis,research methods,research objects and corpus sources of this paper.Chapter Two.The brief situation of the Namuyi language.Introduces the initial consonant,vowel and tone of the Namuyi language,describes and explains the composition and characteristics of the initial consonant,vowel and tone,describes the usage of nouns,numerals,quantifiers,pronouns,adverbs,structural particles,conjunctions and modal words except predicates,and describes the usage of common affixes and introduce the basic word order structure types of the Namuyi language.Chapter Three.The morphology of the predicate of the Namuyi language.It mainly describes the rules of predicate formation and semantic relations of predicates.Examples are given to describe homonyms,synonyms and antonyms in the predicates of the Namuyi language.Chapter Four.The classification of predicates of the Namuyi language.Verbs can be divided into transitive verbs and intransitive verbs according to whether they can take an object,and also into action verbs,auxiliary verbs,judgment verbs,tendency verbs and existential verbs according to semantic and grammatical function criteria.The number of adjectives is relatively small.According to the semantics,they can be divided into sensory adjectives,endoplasmic adjectives,emotional and mental adjectives and evaluation adjectives.According to usage,they are divided into substantive adjective and predicate adjective.It also makes a special study on the existence verb,tendency verb and measure adjective of the Namuyi language.There are eight existential verbs in the Namuyi language.The restrictive factors and emphasis of existential verbs are analyzed.The concept space and semantic graph of existing verbs are described.Also discusses the origin and evolution of existential verbs.There are twenty-one directional verbs,divided into simple directional verbs and derived directional verbs.This paper systematically describes the semantic,grammatical function and grammaticalization of the directional verb in the Namuyi language,analyzes the semantic features,syntactic function and grammaticization of the tdirectional verbs.There are nine groups of measuring adjectives in the Namuyi language.It mainly describes the basic meaning and metaphorical meaning of measuring adjectives,discusses the syntactic structure characteristics of measuring adjectives in the Namuyi language and compares and analyzes the similarities and differences between measuring adjectives in the Namuyi language and Chinese.Chapter Five.The grammatical category of the Namuyi language.It describes in detail the categories of person and number,direction,negation,tense,aspect and voice of the predicates of the Namuyi language meaning in Mianning County Lianhe Township.Chapter six.The syntactic function of the Namuyi language predicate.The main function of a verb is to serve as predicate,subject,object,attributive,adverbial and complement.Then describe the syntactic function of adjectives.The main syntactic function of adjectives is to act as attributive,which can also act as subject,object,attributive,adverbial and complement.It also describes the syntactic function of overlapping verbs and adjectives.Chapter Seven.The phrase of the Namuyi language predicate.Predicate phrase is divided into fixed phrase and free phrase,and fixed phrase is divided into tight fixed phrase and loose fixed phrase.Free phrase also includes subject predicate phrase,verb-object phrase,adverbial phrase,predicate complement phrase,joint phrase,conjunction phrase,concurrent phrase,etc.The syntactic components of each structure are analyzed,and the semantic types of phrases are also studied.Chapter Eight.Comparison of the meaning verbs and adjectives of the Namuyi language.This chapter makes a comprehensive and detailed comparison of verbs and adjectives in the Namuyi language from the aspects of word construction,syllable number,subclassification of verbs and adjectives,grammatical category,syntactic function,predicate phrase and syntactic composition of the constituent elements of comparative sentences,so as to find the similarities and differences between them.Conclusion.It is concluded that the language type of the Namuyi language is analytical and adhesive synthetical,also illustrates the analytical and adhesive characteristics of the Namuyi language language.Innovation: This paper is a new book that systematically and comprehensively describes and analyzes the predicates of the Namuyi language in Lianhe Town,Mianning County.All the materials used are obtained from the author’s field investigation,detailed and abundant.The existential verbs,directional verbs and measure adjectives of the Namuyi language are studied in depth and detail.In terms of research methods,it not only focuses on the use of traditional synchronic description,but also analyzes synchronic phenomena with modern linguistic theories.For example,conceptual space and semantic map theory are used to analyze the existing verbs of the Namuyi language,category theory is used to classify the predicates of the Namuyi language,and some grammatical phenomena are discussed with grammaticilization theory.Shortcomings of the research and follow-up work: there are too many descriptions of language phenomena,insufficient explanations,unbalanced theoretical analysis,and no exhaustive research on some grammatical phenomena.The field research mainly refers to the investigation framework of linguistic typology and reference grammar,and describes the grammatical phenomena of Namuyi language as much as possible.The investigation results may be limited and affected by the investigation framework.Later,we will use the experimental phonetics method to conduct a comprehensive and detailed study of the pronunciation of the Namuyi language.And compare the predicates of the Namuyi language with other languages of Tibeto-Burman language branches such as Yi and Qiang,explore their kinship,and identify the influence of Yi and Chinese on the Namuyi language.There are four appendices in the whole text: 1.Ten long stories;2.Eight kinds of folk songs;3.Two folk customs;4.Predicate list.更多还原