【作者】 陈玲；

【导师】 段尧清；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 情报学， 2021， 博士

【摘要】 开放数据运动的发展推动了全球范围内政府数据的开放,中国同样对政府数据开放展现出高度的关注。政府数据从被公开、被使用到实现价值是一个全生命周期的过程,其中,政府、数据以及利用者一起组成了政府开放数据的生态系统。对于整个政府开放数据体系而言,都离不开数据开放、用户利用及价值实现的共同作用。据此,本文将政府开放数据视为一个整体的复合系统,这个系统主要包括数据开放、数据利用、数据价值等子系统。其中,数据开放是数据利用的基础前提,数据利用是数据价值的实现前提,数据利用是数据开放和数据价值的中介和桥梁。政府掌握和拥有的数据只有在被开放的前提下,才能够被用户利用。用户在对开放数据进行利用的基础上,才能够真正实现数据资源的价值。基于此,研究政府开放数据系统及其耦合机制,有助于加快政府数据开放进程、促进政府数据利用程度、实现政府数据价值增值。文章在对政府开放数据系统进行理论分析的基础上,对其耦合机制展开探讨。将政府开放数据分为数据开放子系统、数据利用子系统、数据价值子系统,按照开放耦合机制、利用耦合机制、价值耦合机制的逻辑思路逐步进行研究,依次构建政府开放数据的开放耦合方程、利用协调函数和价值赋能模型。本论文的主要内容如下:(1)政府开放数据系统耦合机制的理论分析。根据政府开放数据系统的耦合内涵、耦合特征和耦合构成,绘制数据开放子系统、数据利用子系统以及数据价值子系统的理论框架。依据各个子系统的内涵、特征和维度,分析其开放耦合框架、利用耦合框架及价值耦合框架,最终构建系统视角下的政府开放数据耦合框架,为后续的耦合机制分析提供理论支撑。(2)政府开放数据系统的开放耦合机制分析。基于政府数据的开放耦合框架,构建出数据开放子系统的指标体系,通过数据集、数据接口、数据容量衡量开放数量要素,通过开放部门、主题、格式衡量开放质量要素。以开放数量要素和开放质量要素的功效函数、综合评价函数、耦合度函数以及协调度函数为基础,建立政府数据的开放耦合方程。在统计分析样本平台政府开放数据的基础上,测度各政府数据门户网站的开放耦合度与开放协调度。(3)政府开放数据系统的利用耦合机制分析。基于政府数据的利用耦合框架,构建出数据利用子系统的指标体系,分别衡量浏览行为、下载行为、调用行为和应用行为要素。基于利用要素之间的功效函数、综合评价函数、耦合度函数以及协调度函数,构建政府数据的利用协调函数。在对样本平台的政府开放数据进行统计分析的基础上,测度各政府数据开放平台的利用耦合度与利用协调度。(4)政府开放数据系统的价值耦合机制分析。基于政府数据的价值耦合框架,构建出数据价值子系统的指标体系。对比政府数据的开放试点区与非试点区在试点前后的经济发展水平,实证分析我国政府开放数据的价值赋能效应。首先,在数据采集与处理的基础上,进行描述性统计分析、最小二乘回归检验及配对样本T检验。然后,将实验组与对照组样本进行倾向评分匹配,检验共同支持假设和平衡假设,进一步计算平均处理效果。最后以匹配样本为基础构造双差分模型,将倾向评分匹配以及双差分方程相结合,评估政府开放数据的净效应;选择变量置换法进行稳健性检验,以验证研究结果的稳定性。(5)政府开放数据系统耦合优化的对策建议。为优化政府开放数据系统的耦合效果、提高开放效率、增强利用动力、释放数据价值,分别从政府、平台、数据和公众四个方面提出建议与对策。政府方面,要转变开放观念、创新开放模式、加快立法进度。平台方面,要优化功能模块、推进建设进程、健全运行机制。数据方面,要统一数据标准、建立数据清单、提升数据质量。公众方面,要注重引导公众关注、定位用户需求、增强用户互动。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rise of the open data movement has promoted open government data all over the world,and China also attaches great importance to open government data.From openness,utilization to value realization,government data is a dynamic cycle process.Government,data and users together constitute the ecosystem of government open data.In the whole government open data system,it is inseparable from the joint role of data opening,user utilization and value realization.Therefore,this paper regards government open data as a whole composite system,including subsystems such as data opening and data utilization.Among them,data openness is the basic premise of data utilization,data utilization is the premise of realizing data value,and data utilization is the intermediary and bridge between data openness and data value.Based on this,the study of government open data system and its coupling mechanism will help to speed up the process of government data opening,promote the utilization of government data and realize the value of government data.Based on the theoretical analysis of government open data system,this paper discusses its coupling mechanism,gradually carries out research according to the ideas of open coupling mechanism,using coordination mechanism and value empowerment mechanism,and constructs the open coupling equation,using coordination function and value empowerment model of government open data system.The main contents of this paper are as follows:(1)Theoretical analysis of the coupling mechanism of government open data system.According to the coupling connotation,characteristics and composition of government open data system,this paper draws the framework of open coupling,utilization coordination and value enabling subsystem.According to the connotation,characteristics and dimensions of each subsystem,this paper analyzes the open coupling,utilization coordination and value empowerment mechanism of government open data,and finally constructs the coupling analysis framework of government open data system.(2)Analysis of open coupling mechanism of government open data system.Based on the open coupling mechanism of government data,this paper constructs the index system of the open coupling subsystem,measures the open quantity elements through data sets,data interfaces and data capacity,and measures the open quality elements through departments,themes and formats.Based on the efficacy function,comprehensive evaluation function,coupling function and coordination function between open elements,this paper constructs the open coupling equation of government data.Based on the statistical analysis of the government open data of the sample platform,this paper measures the open coupling degree and open coordination degree of each government data open platform.(3)Analysis on the utilization coupling mechanism of government open data system.Based on the utilization and coordination mechanism of government data,this paper constructs an index system of utilization and coordination subsystem to measure browsing behavior,downloading behavior,calling behavior and application behavior.Based on the efficacy function,comprehensive evaluation function,coupling function and coordination function between utilization factors,this paper constructs the utilization coordination function of government data.Based on the statistical analysis of the government open data of the sample platform,this paper measures the utilization coupling degree and utilization coordination degree of each government data open platform.(4)Analysis of value coupling mechanism of government open data system.Based on the value enabling mechanism of government data,this paper constructs the index system of the value enabling subsystem,and sets the explained variables,explanatory variables and control variables.Compare the economic level of the pilot area and non pilot area of government data open,and empirically analyze the value enabling effect of government data opening in China.Firstly,on the basis of data collection and processing,this paper carries out descriptive statistical analysis,least square regression test and paired sample t-test.Secondly,this paper matched the propensity score of the samples in the experimental group and the control group,tested the common support hypothesis and balance hypothesis,and further calculated the processing effect of the samples.Finally,this study constructs did regression model based on matched samples,carries out psm-did regression test and regression analysis,and evaluates the effect of government open data value.Through the method of variable replacement,this paper makes a robustness test to verify the stability of the research results.(5)Countermeasures and suggestions for coupling optimization of government open data system.In order to optimize the coupling effect of government open data system,this paper puts forward suggestions and countermeasures from the four aspects of government,platform,data and the public.The government should change the concept of openness,innovate the opening model and speed up the progress of legislation.In terms of platform,we should optimize functional modules,promote the construction process and improve the operation mechanism.In terms of data,we should unify data standards,establish data lists and improve data quality.For the public,we should guide public attention,locate user needs and enhance user interaction.更多还原