【作者】 张玲；

【导师】 赵凯；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 文艺学， 2020， 博士

【摘要】 在现代社会,“悲剧”概念的内涵和外延产生了很大的变化。关于“悲剧”是否衰亡的问题成为现代悲剧理论热点话题之一。不同时代的悲剧反映不同时代的社会面貌,现代悲剧从传统悲剧中裂变,折射出现代社会人类对悲剧意识、悲剧精神的不同理解和重新阐释。对现代悲剧实践和理论进行梳理,对悲剧变化和衰亡现象进行辨析、探究,有利于我们繁荣当前的艺术文化,为当下社会语境中的悲剧艺术发展走向提供一些经验和理论上的参考。围绕20世纪悲剧艺术发展这一主线,本文拟对现代悲剧艺术的嬗变和转型现象进行综合分析,共分为六章。其中,第一、二两章主要对悲剧艺术在20世纪发展过程中出现的变化——内容变化和形式的变化——导致在戏剧舞台上出现风格和形式各异的现代悲剧艺术风貌进行梳理,并指出内容对旧形式的反叛、形式对文学本质的反叛构是驱动现代悲剧不断转型的艺术层面的内因。第三、四章分别对现代悲剧人物的非英雄形象和现代悲剧形式的反传统表达审美特征进行描述和分析,探讨其遭遇从现实主义到现代主义以及后现代主义思潮的冲击与洗刷,由英雄叙事、宏大叙事转为日常生活叙事、非中心化叙事的深层原因。第五、六章着重对现代悲剧意识和悲剧精神流变进行分析,进而探讨现代悲剧的历史境遇,认为,在现代哲学、心理学和美学等的高度发展和影响下,现代悲剧遭遇生命存在悲剧意识、生存境遇悲剧意识和自由悲剧意识等的深刻追问,在向时代精神与自我价值的探究中,对传统悲剧精神作全面的批判和扬弃。在走向后工业文明过程中,现代人一方面在马克思主义辩证唯物主义历史观里找到了肯定、奋进的悲剧精神力量,在情感节奏上与喜剧精神产生共鸣;另一方面在后现代主义削平一切中心意识和深度模式的解构观中消解了悲剧精神的深层意义和价值追求,从而使现代悲剧在后现代时时临近失却精神向度的危险。对悲剧艺术的嬗变、悲剧意识的现代发展和悲剧精神价值取向的探讨,可以深化我们对人自身的认识,提醒我们在纷繁复杂的社会现象中关注人类的生存困境,思考人类将怎样恢复生命的活力。更多还原

【Abstract】 In modern society,the connotation and extension of the concept of "tragedy" have changed greatly.The question of whether "tragedy" is declining has become one of the hot topics in modern tragedy theories.The tragedies of different times reflect the social appearance of different times.The changes of modern tragedy from tradition reflect the different understanding and reinterpretation of tragedy awareness and spirit in modern society.It is beneficial for us to prosper the art and culture and to provide some theoretical references for the development of tragic art in the present social context by combing the practice and theory of modern tragedy,discriminating and exploring the phenomenon of tragedy changes.Focusing on the development of tragic art in the 20 th century,this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the evolution and transformation of modern tragic art.There are six chapters together.In chapter one and two,it points out that the changes in the development of tragic art in the 20 th century —— the changes in content and form —— lead to the appearance of different styles and forms of modern tragic art on the stage.It also points out that the rebellion against the old form and the rebellion against the essence of literature are the internal causes of the artistic level driving the continuous transformation of modern tragedy.In chapter three and four,it describes and analyzes the anti-hero image of modern tragic characters and the aesthetic characteristics of anti-traditional expression of modern tragic forms.It explores the impact of the thoughts from realism to modernism and post-modernism,which makes the changes from heroic narrative,grand narrative to daily life narrative and non-centralized narrative.In chapter five and six,it focuses on the analysis of the modern tragic awareness and the evolution of tragic spirit,then it discusses the historical situation of modern tragedy,and points out that under the high development and influence of modern philosophy,psychology and aesthetics,modern tragedy encounters the profound questioning of the tragic awareness of life,the tragic awareness of survival situation and awareness of freedom from tragedy,and makes a comprehensive criticism of the traditional tragic spirit in the exploration of the spirit of the times and self-worth.In the process of post-industrial civilization,modern people find positive and progressive tragic spirit in Marxist dialectical materialism,and resonate with comedy spirit in emotional rhythm;on the other hand,they eliminate the deep meaning and value pursuit of tragic spirit in the deconstruction view of post-modernism flattening all central consciousness and deep mode.The evolution of the tragic art,the modern development of the tragic awareness and the value orientation of the tragic spirit can deepen our understanding of human beings,remind us to pay attention to the plight of human existence in the complicated social phenomena,and think about how human beings will restore the vitality of life.更多还原