【作者】 孙长索；

【导师】 叶龙；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 企业管理， 2021， 博士

【摘要】 铁路体制性改革迈出实质性步伐以及我国高铁事业的快速发展,对中国铁路的人力资源管理尤其是人才队伍建设提出了许多新要求、新课题。铁路管理人员作为铁路职工队伍中三类人员之一,除了需要掌握铁路专业知识和技术外,同时还需要一定管理技巧和战略思维,其工作绩效的好坏直接关系着铁路的发展和稳定。在铁路体制性改革的关键时期,铁路管理人员的晋升机会有限且竞争激烈,是否具备足够优秀的生涯适应能力,不仅关乎铁路管理人员个人的职业发展,也关乎到铁路管理队伍的稳定。目前,国外学者对生涯适应力的构成及效用开展了广泛研究,但国内相关研究仍处于起步和探索阶段;同时现有的研究多关注大学生等新入职人员的生涯适应力,对在职人员的生涯适应力研究不足。在此背景下,本文围绕“生涯适应力如何影响职业成长”这一主题,通过文献研究、扎根理论、实证研究等一系列研究方法,综合运用SPSS20.0、AMOS21.0、R语言软件等数据分析软件,基于生涯建构理论和易变职业生涯理论,逐层深入探索以下问题:中国文化背景下的生涯适应力内涵及维度是否与西方相同?铁路管理人员是否与普通员工具有同样的生涯适应力结构?铁路管理人员生涯适应力对职业成长是否有影响?影响产生的作用机制是怎样的?通过对以上具体问题的探讨,本文明晰了铁路管理人员生涯适应力的结构并开发了测量量表,探明了铁路管理人员生涯适应力对其职业成长的影响及影响机制,主要研究过程与结论如下:第一,选取了来自不同类型铁路单位的40名管理人员进行深度访谈,得到了大量的文本资料,基于此,运用扎根理论研究方法,通过开放式编码、主轴编码、选择性编码以及理论饱和度检验,构建出的中国文化背景下铁路管理人员生涯适应力结构模型包括五个维度:铁路文化适应、职业准备充分、为人处事机智、政治素质过硬以及专业技能精湛。基于扎根理论研究结果,编制了铁路管理人员生涯适应力初始测量量表,通过探索性因子分析初步验证了铁路管理人员生涯适应力的五维度结构,进一步通过验证性因子分析验证了本文构建的生涯适应力五维度结构具有良好的构思效度、聚合效度和区分效度。结果表明,铁路管理人员生涯适应力由铁路文化适应、职业准备充分、为人处事机智、政治素质过硬以及专业技能精湛五个维度构成。第二,利用自主开发的铁路管理人员生涯适应力测量量表,对来自国家铁路局、国铁集团、各铁路局集团公司以及基层站段的420名铁路管理人员进行了问卷调查,回收了有效问卷共370份,通过最小二乘回归分析方法,验证了铁路管理人员生涯适应力对其职业成长及三个维度均具有显著的促进作用,且铁路管理人员生涯适应力的五个维度对其职业成长也具有显著的促进作用。但是在检验铁路管理人员生涯适应力五维度对职业成长三维度直接效应时,铁路管理人员生涯适应力五个维度对管理层级上工作流动次数和管理层级水平提升均具有正向促进作用,而对工资增长数量维度来说,仅有铁路文化适应维度对其具有正向影响作用。第三,通过对370份样本数据的结构方程分析、层次回归分析以及R语言分析,深入探讨了铁路管理人员生涯适应力影响职业成长的作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)铁路管理人员生涯适应力的五个维度均能够通过工作重塑的中介作用间接影响职业成长,但是生涯适应力整体上不能通过工作重塑的中介作用间接影响职业成长;(2)政治技能在铁路管理人员生涯适应力与职业成长关系之间起到正向调节作用,但是政治技能不能显著调节铁路管理人员生涯适应力五个维度与职业成长之间的关系;(3)政治技能在铁路管理人员生涯适应力与职业成长之间的调节作用不能通过工作重塑的中介实现;但是在二者的维度上,政治技能在铁路管理人员生涯适应力的第二个维度“职业准备充分”与职业成长的第三个维度“管理层级水平”之间的调节作用通过工作重塑的中介作用实现的。本文的主要理论贡献包括:(1)构建了中国文化背景下铁路管理人员生涯适应力五维度结构模型。通过扎根理论研究方法构建的五维度生涯适应力结构模型,能够帮助我们更清晰地了解中国文化背景和铁路管理情境下管理人员生涯适应力的内涵和结构,一方面拓展了生涯适应力的研究范畴,另一方面有助于推动中国情境下生涯适应力的实证研究;(2)提出并验证了铁路企业特定情境中管理人员生涯适应力对其职业成长的促进作用机制。与职场新员工相比,铁路管理人员职业成长的指标明显不同,铁路管理人员的生涯适应力对其职业成长有显著正向影响,拓展了职业成长的前因变量研究;(3)揭示了铁路管理人员的生涯适应能力模型对其职业成长的作用机理。铁路管理人员生涯适应力通过工作重塑对职业成长的间接影响是以生涯适应力的各个维度分别来实现的,并且政治技能在铁路管理人员的生涯适应能力和职业成长之间发挥着调节作用,丰富了铁路管理人员生涯适应力对其职业成长的作用机理。更多还原

【Abstract】 The substantial steps of railway system reform and the rapid development of China’s high-speed railway have put forward many new requirements and new topics for the human resource management of China’s railway,especially the construction of talent team.As one of the three types of railway staff,railway managers not only need to master railway professional knowledge and technology,but also need certain management skills and strategic thinking.Their work performance is directly related to the development and stability of railway.In the critical period of railway system reform,the promotion opportunities of railway managers are limited and the competition is fierce.Whether they have enough excellent career adaptability is not only related to the career development of railway managers,but also related to the stability of railway management team.At present,foreign scholars have carried out extensive research on the composition and effectiveness of career adaptability,but the domestic-related research is still in the initial stage of exploration;at the same time,the existing research focuses more on the career adaptability of new recruits,such as college students,and the research on career adaptability of on-the-job personnel is insufficient.In this context,this paper focuses on the basic proposition of "how career adaptability affects career growth",through a series of research methods such as literature research,grounded theory,empirical research,and comprehensive use of SPSS20.0,AMOS21.0,R language software and other data analysis software,on the basis of career-building theory and variable career theory,in-depth discussion of the following issues layer by layer: Is the connotation and dimension of career adaptability in the context of Chinese culture the same as that in the west? Do railway managers have the same career adaptability structure as ordinary employees? Does the career adaptability of railway managers affect their career growth? What is the mechanism of influence? Based on the analysis of the above specific issues,this paper clarifies the structure of career adaptability of railway managers and develops a measurement scale to explore the impact of career adaptability of railway managers on their career growth and influence mechanism,and main research process and conclusions are as follows:Firstly,40 managers from different types of railway units were selected for in-depth interviews,and a large number of text materials were obtained.On this basis,using grounded theory research methods,through open coding,spindle coding,selective coding and theoretical saturation test,a model of career adaptability structure of railway managers under the background of Chinese culture was constructed,including railway five dimensions: railway cultural adaptation,professional preparation,wisdom to conduct oneself in life,solid political quality and excellent professional skills.Based on the results of grounded theory research,the initial measurement scale of career adaptability of railway managers is developed.The five-dimensional structure of career adaptability of railway managers is preliminarily verified by exploratory factor analysis,and further verified by confirmatory factor analysis that the five-dimensional structure of life adaptability constructed in this paper has good ideational validity,aggregation validity and differentiation validity.The results show that the career adaptability of railway managers consists of five dimensions: Railway cultural adaptation,full career preparation,wisdom to conduct oneself in life,political quality,and professional skills.Secondly,420 railway managers from the State Railway Administration,the State Railway Group,the railway bureaus,and the grass-roots stations and depots were investigated by using the self-developed career adaptability scale of railway managers.370 valid questionnaires were collected.The least-square regression analysis method was used to verify the career adaptability of railway managers plays a significantly promoting role in their career growth and three dimensions,and the five dimensions of career adaptability of railway managers also have a significant role in promoting their career growth.However,when examining the direct effect of the five dimensions of career adaptability of railway managers on the three dimensions of career growth,the five dimensions of career adaptability of railway managers have a positive role in promoting the times of work flows and the level of management,while for the quantitative dimension of wage growth,only the dimension of railway culture adaptability has a positive effect on it.Thirdly,through the structural equation analysis,hierarchical regression analysis,and R analysis of 370 sample data,this paper discusses the mechanism of career adaptability affecting the career growth of railway managers.The results show that:(1)The five dimensions of career adaptability of railway managers can indirectly affect career growth through the intermediary role of job remodeling,but career adaptability as a whole can not indirectly affect career growth through the intermediary role of job remodeling;(2)Political skills play a positive role in regulating the relationship between career adaptability and career growth of railway managers,but political skills can not significantly regulate the relationship between the five dimensions of career adaptability and career growth of railway managers;(3)The moderating effect of political skills on career adaptability and career growth of railway managers can not be realized through the intermediary of job remodeling;however,in the dimension of both,the moderating effect of political skills on the second dimension of career adaptability of railway managers "full career preparation" and the third dimension of career growth "management level" is realized through the medium of job remodeling Mediator realization.The main theoretical contributions of this paper include:(1)the five-dimensional structure model of career adaptability of railway managers under the background of Chinese culture is constructed.The five-dimensional career adaptability structure model based on the theoretical research method can help us to understand more clearly the connotation and structure of the career adaptability of managers in the context of Chinese cultural background and railway management.On the one hand,it expands the research scope of career adaptability,on the other hand,it helps to promote the empirical Research of career adaptability in the context of China;(2)This study proposes and verifies the promotion mechanism of career adaptability of managers to their career growth in railway enterprises under specific circumstances.Compared with new employees,the career growth indicators of railway managers are obviously different,and the career adaptability of railway managers has a significant positive impact on their career growth;(3)This study reveals the mechanism of railway managers’ career adaptability model on their career development.The indirect effect of career adaptability of railway managers on career growth through job crafting is realized in all dimensions of career adaptability respectively,and political skills play a moderating role between career adaptability and career growth of railway managers.(4)Therefore,for managers,in order to achieve better career growth,they must have comprehensive career adaptability,which is indispensable in all dimensions.更多还原