【作者】 王晓林；

【导师】 臧秀玲；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 中共党史（含党的学说与党的建设）， 2023， 博士

【摘要】 冷战后,意识形态对日本自民党所属国会议员的影响力减弱,加上自民党的“金权政治”陆续被曝光,自民党开始产生分裂。在1993年众议院选举中,自民党因选举失利而沦为在野党。1994年通过与社会党、先驱新党组建联合政府的形式,自民党重回执政地位,并于1996年重新夺得首相的宝座。自民党、自由党和公明党在1999年成立联合政府,后几经演变,在2003年形成自民党和公明党联合政府。在2009年众议院选举中,自民党再次选举失利并沦为在野党。再次下台的自民党同样没有以解散告终,而是在2012年众议院选举中,与公明党合作赢得选举的胜利,自民党和公明党联合政府再次成立,自民党实现再次上台执政并回归政权的核心。冷战后,面临日本国内外环境的新变化,自民党不得不进行变革。在冷战后的三十多年时间里,通过一系列变革,自民党内的权力结构以及执政模式发生很大的变化。本文分析冷战后日本自民党变革的背景,梳理冷战后日本自民党变革的历程与现状,探析冷战后日本自民党变革的主要内容,在此基础上,评析冷战后日本自民党变革,并进一步对冷战后日本自民党变革进行展望,探讨冷战后日本自民党变革的启示。第一章冷战后日本自民党变革的背景。本章主要从右翼思潮、选举活动以及行政体制三个层面对冷战后日本自民党变革的背景进行分析。本章着重分析冷战后日本自民党所面临的新环境以及亟待解决的问题,在现实的压力下自民党不得不进行变革。这为冷战后日本自民党变革提供合理与必要的依据,同时为分析冷战后日本自民党具体变革的主要内容做铺垫。第二章冷战后日本自民党变革的历程与现状。本章将自民党变革的历程分为三个阶段,第一个变革阶段是因党内分裂而以寻求政党合作伙伴为主题,第二个变革阶段是因强势党首的出现而以政党转型为主题以及第三个变革阶段是因两度失去政权而以寻求执政稳定性为主题。在此基础上,从自民党在日本政党政治中的地位、议员和党员的状况以及选民支持基础三个层面对冷战后日本自民党变革的现状进行分析,将自民党在选举中的状态大体呈现出来。第三章冷战后日本自民党变革的主要内容。本章主要从纲领政策、组织、党首形象塑造、政治决策机制以及党际关系五个层面对冷战后日本自民党变革的主要内容进行分析。在纲领政策上,自民党急剧“右转”,企图实现政治大国的目标。在组织上,自民党是“派阀政治”的联合体,“派阀政治”被视为自民党的代名词。党首与派阀一直在进行权力斗争,并且地方组织也随之发生变革,选区支部和国会议员个人后援会在变革发展中形成互补关系。在党首形象塑造上,党首形象是自民党的象征性资源。随着竞选纲领的实施、大众传媒的发展以及自民党内公关部门的设立,党首在自民党内树立权威,在日本国民面前展现个人魅力,同时赢取选举的胜利。在政治决策机制上,小泉首相和第二次上台执政的安倍首相将政治制度改革和行政体制改革的成果运用得淋漓尽致,党首即首相在政治决策中占主导地位,形成“政高党低”的政治决策机制。在党际关系上,冷战后,日本政党政治进入“政党重组”的时代。自民党逐渐同化左翼革新政党社会党,之后又同中间政党公明党进行选举合作,不断进行候选人调整,制定相应的选举策略。第四章冷战后日本自民党变革的评析。本章紧扣主题,主要从特征、制约因素、取得的主要成效以及存在的主要问题四个层面对冷战后日本自民党变革进行评析。笔者认为,冷战后,自民党政治右倾化趋势日益明显、党首权力集中化日益凸显以及政党合作灵活性日益突出是自民党变革所呈现出的三大特征,但与此同时,党员和党友以及邻国、参议院和公明党、党内反对声音也是制约其特征不断强化的因素。冷战后日本自民党在变革中取得一定的成效,自民党和公明党联合政府稳固发展、找到党首与派阀关系的平衡点以及自民党与地方关系的再次强化,但也存在退党现象频仍以及党内世袭政治再次回归的主要问题。第五章冷战后日本自民党变革的展望与启示。本章主要探析冷战后日本自民党变革的展望,并在此基础上分析冷战后日本自民党变革的启示。就冷战后日本自民党变革的展望而言,从执政地位的长期性和稳定性,政治右倾化会持续但充满挑战,亟待解决选区议席分配问题以及面临右翼民粹主义政党崛起所形成的挑战四个层面进行分析。中国共产党是中国的执政党,同时,和日本自民党一样,也属于世界上的大党老党,因此冷战后日本自民党变革也会对中国共产党提供某些启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the Cold War,the influence of ideology on the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan(hereinafter abbreviated as LDP)members of Congress weakened,and the LDP’s"money power politics" were gradually exposed,and the LDP began to split.In the 1993 House of Representatives election,the LDP lost the election and became an opposition party.In 1994,the LDP returned to power by forming a coalition government with the Socialist Party and the Pioneer New Party,and regained the throne of prime minister in 1996.The LDP,Liberal Party and Komeito formed a coalition government in 1999.After several evolution,a coalition government between the LDP and Komeito was formed in 2003.In the 2009 House of Representatives election,the LDP lost again and became an opposition party.The LDP,which once again stepped down from power,also did not end in dissolution.Instead,it won the election in cooperation with the Komeito in the 2012 House of Representatives election.The coalition government of the LDP and the Komeito was once again established.The LDP came to power again and returned to the core of the political power.After the Cold War,faced with new changes in Japan’s domestic and foreign environment,the LDP had to make reform.In the more than thirty years after the Cold War,through a series of changes,the power structure and governance model in the LDP have undergone great changes.This article analyzes the background of the LDP’s reform after the Cold War,sorts out the course and current situation of the LDP’s reform after the Cold War,and analyzes the main content of the LDP’s reform after the Cold War.On this basis,it analyzes the LDP’s reform after the Cold War.It Further outlooks on the LDP’s reform after the Cold War,and discusses enlightenment provided by the LDP’s reform after the Cold War.Chapter 1:The background of the LDP’s reform after the Cold War.This chapter mainly analyzes the background of the LDP’s reform after the Cold War from three levels:right-wing ideological trend,electoral campaign,and administrative system.This chapter focuses on analyzing the new environment faced by the LDP after the Cold War and the problem that needs to be solved urgently.Under the pressure of reality,the LDP had to make reform.This provides reasonable and necessary basis for the LDP’s reform after the Cold War,and also pave the way for analyzing the main content of the LDP’s reform after the Cold War.Chapter 2:The course and current situation of the LDP’s reform after the Cold War.This chapter divides course of the LDP’s reform into three stages.The first stage of reform is based on the theme of seeking party partner due to split in the party,the second stage of reform is based on the theme of seeking party transformation due to the emergence of a strong party leader,and the third stage of reform is based on the theme of seeking stability in governance due to the loss of power twice.On this basis,analyzing the current situation of the LDP’s reform after the Cold War from three aspects:status of the LDP in Japanese party politics,condition of the LDP’s councilor and party member,and the base of voter support,generally presents the status of the LDP in the election.Chapter 3:The main content of the LDP’s reform after the Cold War.This chapter mainly analyzes the main content of the LDP’s reform after the Cold War from five levels:program policy,organization,party leader’s image shaping,political decision-making mechanism,and inter-party relation.In terms of program policy,the LDP has made a sharp "rightward turn" in an attempt to achieve the goal of becoming a political power.In terms of organization,the LDP is a coalition of "faction politics",and "faction politics" is regarded as synonymous with the LDP.Party leader and faction have been engaged in power struggles,and local organization have also undergone reform.Constituency branch and the Diet member personal support club have formed a complementary relationship in the development of reform.In terms of shaping party leader’s image shaping,party leader’s image is a symbolic resource of the LDP.With the implementation of the campaign platform,the development of mass media and the establishment of the public relations department in the LDP,party leader established authority in the LDP,showed his personal charm in front of the Japanese people,and won the election at the same time.In terms of political decision-making mechanism,Prime Minister Koizumi and Prime Minister Abe,who came to power for the second time,have fully utilized the result of political system reform and administrative system reform.Party leader,the prime minister,plays a dominant role in political decision-making,forming a"government high and party low" political decision-making mechanism.In terms of inter-party relation,after the Cold War,Japanese party politics entered an era of "party reorganization".The LDP gradually assimilated the left-wing revolutionary party Socialist Party,and later conducted electoral cooperation with the centrist party Komeito,constantly adjusting candidate and formulating corresponding election strategy.Chapter 4:The Comment on the LDP’s Reform after the Cold War.This chapter sticks closely to the theme and mainly analyzes the LDP’s Reform after the Cold War from four aspects:characteristic,constraining factor,main achieved achievement,and main existing problem.The author thinks that after the Cold War,the LDP’s increasingly obvious political right-leaning trend,increasingly prominent centralization of power of party leader,and increasingly prominent flexibility of party cooperation are the three major characteristics of the LDP’s Reform.However,at the same time,party member and party friend as well as neighboring country,the Senate and the Komeito,opposition voice in the party are also factors that restrict the continuous strengthening of its characteristics.After the Cold War,the LDP has achieved certain achievement in its reform.Coalition government of the LDP and the Komeito is developing steadily,founding a balance point in the relationship between party leader and faction,and the LDP strengthened local relationship once again.However,there are also main problems such as frequent withdrawal from the LDP and hereditary politics in the LDP returns once again.Chapter 5:The prospect and enlightenment of the LDP’s reform after the Cold War.This chapter mainly analyzes the prospect for the LDP’s reform after the Cold War,and on this basis,analyzing the enlightenment of the LDP’s reform after the Cold War.In terms of the prospect for the LDP’s reform after the Cold War,analyzing from four levels:long-term nature and stable nature of the ruling position,political right-leaning will continue but is full of challenge,urgently needing to solve the problem of constituency seat allocation,and facing the challenge posed by the rise of right-wing populist party.The Communist Party of China is the ruling party in China.At the same time,like the LDP,it is also a major and old party in the world.Therefore,the LDP’s reform after the Cold War will also provide some enlightenment to the Communist Party of China.更多还原