【作者】 原野；

【导师】 刘刚；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑学， 2021， 博士

【摘要】 近年来,购物中心蓬勃发展,但繁荣兴建的背后建筑运营现状并不理想。一方面,传统购物中心因体验较差正面临倒闭潮的侵袭,消费体验提升成为迫切需要解决的问题;另一方面,当节能减碳成为国家重要战略任务,购物中心作为典型的高耗能建筑其节能设计重要性也日益提升。故同时满足高体验与低能耗是购物中心建筑设计必须面对的问题。但目前影响消费体验的建筑设计要素尚不清楚,建筑设计与体验和能耗间量化影响规律并不明晰,且针对二者性能设计的方法和工具仍然缺失。因此,在体验与能耗共同导向下,如何优化现有购物中心建筑设计方法体系具有重要研究价值。本文即以联系二者的重要媒介“购物中心公共空间”为载体,针对其内部所包含的动线空间组织以及多中庭空间布局,展开了以下四部分具体研究工作。第一,从建筑设计视角出发,结合文献研究以及专家验证提取了购物中心建筑设计过程中影响消费体验的设计元素。通过对所得元素进行问卷调查,并采用聚类分析、因子分析、主成分分析、差异性分析多种数据分析方法相结合的方式挖掘数据背后含义,得到了购物中心各设计元素对消费体验的量化影响关系,进而构建建筑设计视角下的购物中心消费者量化体验需求体系。第二,基于所构建的体验需求体系,以其中对消费体验影响较大的建筑空间结构为研究要素,结合空间参数化建模、空间体验量化评价和设计工具开发,搭建了购物中心空间体验量化研究方法。以此方法为基础,针对公共空间内的建筑空间主结构“动线空间组织”,分别从动线类型和动线线形两方面探究了大型购物中心空间形式对空间体验的量化影响规律。第三,在已得到的体验最优动线空间基础上,针对购物中心公共空间内高耗能且特有的“多中庭空间布局”,通过定义与其布局相关的设计参数并开发相应参数化设计工具,搭建了针对此空间特性的低能耗设计研究方法。基于此方法,分别从正向优化和逆向生成两方面,探究了购物中心内特有的多中庭空间面积比例、几何尺寸以及位置朝向各设计变量对寒冷地区大型购物中心建筑能耗的量化影响规律。第四,针对公共空间内体验与能耗间矛盾的焦点“多中庭空间布局”,通过整合已有参数化设计工具,并采用人工神经网络训练代理模型,共同开发了针对此空间特性的多性能联动设计工具。利用所开发设计工具的高效性,将其用于多中庭空间布局在体验与能耗导向下的设计规律探究,补充并完善了内容二和内容三中多中庭空间布局对体验和能耗的影响规律,进而结合相应空间参数的设计次序确定以及设计方案寻优两部分内容,最终建立了寒冷地区大型购物中心公共空间设计优化方法。在体验和能耗导向下研究购物中心公共空间设计优化,既顺应社会需求又为建筑创作提供了新的构思逻辑。研究所构建的体验需求体系为空间体验设计提供了理论基础,所得公共空间对体验与能耗的量化影响规律为购物中心空间设计提供了量化结论和方法依据,最终所建立的二者性能导向下公共空间设计优化方法则为建筑师的设计实践提供了方法和工具等多重支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Although shopping malls have flourished in recent years,the operation status behind the booming construction is not ideal.On the one hand,due to the poor consumer experience,traditional shopping malls are facing a wave of closures,and the improvement of consumer experience has become an urgent problem to be solved;on the other hand,when energy conservation and carbon reduction have become an important national strategic task,the importance of energy-efficiency design of shopping malls,as typical high-energy-consuming buildings,is also increasing.Thus,satisfying high consumer experience and low energy consumption at the same time is a problem that must be faced in the architectural design of shopping malls.However,the architectural design elements that affect the consumer experience are not yet clear,the quantitative influence law between architectural design and consumer experience and energy consumption is not distinct,and related design methods and tools for those two building performances are still lacking.Therefore,under the orientation of experience and energy consumption,how to optimize the existing architectural design method system of shopping malls has important research value.This paper takes the important media of “public space in shopping malls” as the carrier and carries out the following four specific research work for its circulation space organization and multi-atrium configuration.First,from the perspective of architectural design,through literature review and expert verification,the design elements that affect consumer experience in the architectural design process of shopping malls were extracted.Through the questionnaire survey of the obtained elements and the combination data analysis of cluster analysis,factor analysis,principal component analysis,and difference analysis,the meaning behind the obtained data was mined,the influence of the obtained design elements on consumer experience was explored,and the quantitative experience demand system of consumers in shopping malls was constructed from the perspective of architectural design.Second,based on the constructed experience demand system,taking the architectural space structure that have a greater impact on the consumer experience as the research elements,combining parametric space modelling,quantitative space experience evaluation,and design tool development,a quantitative research method for the space experience of shopping malls was established.On the basis of this method,aiming at the main space structure of “circulation space organization” in the public space,the quantitative influence law of space form on space experience was explored from two aspects of moving line types and moving line shapes in large-scale shopping malls.Third,on the basis of the optimal circulation space for space experience,aiming at the hign energy consumption and unique space form of “multi-atrium configuration”,by defining the design parameters related to its space configuration and developing corresponding parametric design tools,an energy-efficiency design research method for this space characteristic was established.Based on this proposed method,the quantative influence law of multi-atrium area ratio,geometry,and orientation on the energy efficiency of large-scale shopping malls in cold climates was explored from two aspects of positive optimization and reverse generation.Fourth,targeting at the focal contradiction of “multi-atrium configuration”between space experience and energy consumption in the public space,by integrating the proposed parametric design tools and using artificial neural network to build metamodels,the multi-performance design tools were developed for the space characteristic of multi-atrium configuration.Utilizing the calculation efficiency of the developed design tool,it was applied to explore the design rules of the multi-atrium configuration under the orientation of space experience and energy consumption,the results of which supplemented and improved the influence law of multi-atrium configuration on space experience and energy consumption in Content 2 and Content3.Then,combined with the determination of corresponding parameter design order and the optimization of design scheme,the design optimization method for the public space of large-scale shopping malls in cold climates was finally established.Under the orientation of space experience and energy consumption,the research on optimizing the public space design in shopping malls not only conforms to the social needs,but also provides a new conception logic for the architectural design.The established experience demand system in this study lays a theoretical foundation for the study of space experience design.The quantitative influence of the public space on space experience and energy consumption provides quantitative conclusions and methodological basis for the space design of shopping malls.Finally,the performance-oriented public space design optimization method provides multiple supports for architects’ design practice,such as design methods and tools.更多还原