【作者】 朱军；

【导师】 唐鸣；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动， 2021， 博士

【摘要】 “贫穷不是社会主义”,消除贫困、改善民生、实现共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求。从新中国成立之初,我国一直致力于发展生产、消除贫困的工作,并在改革开放之后正式大规模推进扶贫工作。党和国家始终心系人民,围绕着改善民生,带领人民群众过上幸福美好生活的目标在贫困治理的道路上不断的艰辛探索,并取得了阶段性的重大成就,使人民的生活水平总体上得到了提高。随着扶贫工作的不断深入,中国传统的扶贫方式不再适宜深度贫困问题的解决,面对大量农村人口无法摆脱贫困的现实状况,为了早日实现中国的第一个“一百年奋斗目标”,在2020年实现现行标准下的农村贫困人口全部脱贫,保障全面建成小康社会,最终带领人民群众实现共同富裕。以习近平同志为核心的党中央,将马克思主义反贫困思想和马克思主义反贫困思想中国化理论成果作为指导,结合中国的实际贫困总特征,运用科学有效的方法,开启了“精准扶贫”之路。本文主要结合对中国传统扶贫方式和特征的剖析,对习近平精准扶贫思想形成的理论渊源和现实背景、思想的形成过程和基本内容、精准扶贫取得的实践成就、精准扶贫与乡村振兴的有效衔接及习近平精准扶贫思想的意义五个方面进行深入的探讨:习近平精准扶贫思想的形成有着深厚的理论渊源和现实背景,在继承和发扬了马克思主义反贫困思想的基础上,结合中国实际,丰富发展了中国特色社会主义扶贫开发理论体系。马克思主义反贫困思想和以毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛为核心的中国共产党历代领导集体形成的马克思主义反贫困思想中国化理论成果,构成了习近平精准扶贫思想形成的理论渊源;中国传统扶贫方式面临着巨大挑战,扶贫方式亟待革新,全面建成小康社会的迫切现实需求促使习近平精准扶贫思想因应而生。习近平精准扶贫思想的形成并不是一蹴而就的,而是在中国传统扶贫方式基础上的丰富与发展。中国传统扶贫大致经历了四个阶段:一是计划经济条件下的救济式扶贫,二是农村经济体制改革下的帮扶式扶贫,三是在经济高速增长下开启了多元开发式扶贫,四是整村推进下的深化扶贫。习近平精准扶贫思想在此基础上,以“精准”为立足点,清晰指明了扶贫工作中“扶持谁”、“谁来扶”、“怎么扶”及“怎么退”等核心问题,精准扶贫,顾名思义是要把扶贫对象摸清摸准,把家底盘清,在此基础上,要对扶贫对象实行精细化的管理,对扶贫资源实行精确化配置,对扶贫对象实行精准化的扶持,确保扶贫资源能与扶贫对象实现精准对接。习近平精准扶贫思想全面运用了马克思主义哲学世界观,具有严谨的科学性;习近平精准扶贫思想以差异性为前提、以系统行为要求、以发展性为目标、以层次性为保障,所持依据展现了丰富的多样性;习近平精准扶贫思想涉及了经济、政治、文化、社会及生态等多个领域,探索的领域极具广泛性。在中国传统扶贫方式的探索中,习近平精准扶贫思想结合中国的实际,运用科学有效的方法,提出了以“精准”为立足点的更高系统性要求,实现了扶贫方式从“大水漫灌”到“精准滴灌”、从“外源式”到“内源式”及从“单一式”到“综合式”的三大创新转变。检验一切工作的成效,始终都是要看人民的生活是否得到了改善,人民的权益是否真正得到了保障。习近平精准扶贫思想取得的实践成就是极具历史性的,在推行精准扶贫的八个年头里,使得农村贫困人口的数量大幅减少至消除、贫困县“摘帽”数量大幅上升及至归零、贫困地区农村居民生活条件得到了改善、贫困地区经济发展水平得到了提升;同时,还夯实了党在贫困地区农村的执政基础、形成了贫困治理的社会聚合效应、建立了科学的产业扶贫发展机制、在贫困地区农村营造了良好的文化氛围、完善了贫困地区农村社会保障制度及创造了和谐美好的生态环境等深广效应。此外,习近平精准扶贫思想助推了脱贫长效机制的建立,为与乡村振兴的稳步衔接打下了坚实的基础。为实现与乡村振兴的稳步衔接,需大力巩固脱贫成果,并在此基础上延续精准扶贫的深广效应,使精准扶贫能够与乡村振兴从目标、主体及政策上进行全方位的衔接。习近平精准扶贫思想不仅取得了巨大的实践成就,还赋予时代深刻的价值和意义。习近平精准扶贫思想在继承和发扬了马克思主义反贫困思想的基础上,进一步丰富和深化了中国特色社会主义扶贫开发理论体系;同时,中国脱贫攻坚战的全面胜利也加快了全球贫困治理的步伐,为全球贫困治理贡献了独具特色的“中国智慧”,具有深刻的国际影响力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Poverty is not socialism.Eliminating poverty,improving people’s livelihood and realizing common prosperity are the essential requirements of socialism.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the Chinese government has been committed to the development of production and the elimination of poverty.After the reform and opening up,it has officially promoted the work of poverty alleviation on a large scale.The party and the state have always been concerned about the people,around the goal of improving people’s livelihood and leading the people to live a happy and beautiful life,and have made continuous and arduous explorations on the road of poverty control,and have made major phased achievements,so that the people’s living standards have been improved on the whole.However,with the deepening of poverty alleviation,the traditional way of poverty alleviation is not suitable for solving the problem of deep poverty.There are still a large number of poor people in China.In order to achieve China’s first "one hundred year goal",we will lift all the rural poor out of poverty by 2020,ensure the building of a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way,and finally lead the people to achieve common prosperity.Taking the Comrade Xi Jinping as the core,the CPC Central Committee guided Marx’s anti poverty thought and China’s theoretical achievements of Marx’s anti poverty thoughts as guidance,combined with China’s actual poverty characteristics,and using scientific and effective methods,opened the path of "precision poverty alleviation".This article mainly combines the analysis of traditional Chinese poverty alleviation methods and characteristics,and analyzes the theoretical origin and realistic background of Xi Jinping’s precision poverty alleviation thought,the basic content and characteristics of the thought,the practical achievements of precision poverty alleviation,the effective connection of precision poverty alleviation and rural revitalization,and Xi Jinping Five aspects of the meaning of the precise poverty alleviation thought are discussed in depth:The formation of Xi Jinping’s precise poverty alleviation thought has a profound theoretical origin and practical background.On the basis of inheriting and carrying forward the Marxist anti-poverty thought,combined with China’s reality,it has enriched and developed the socialist poverty alleviation and development theoretical system with Chinese characteristics.The Marxist anti-poverty thought and the theoretical results of the Sinicization of Marxist anti-poverty thought formed by the leadership collective of the Communist Party of China with Mao Zedong,Deng Xiaoping,Jiang Zemin,and Hu Jintao at the core,constitute the theoretical origin of Xi Jinping’s precise poverty alleviation thought;the traditional Chinese poverty alleviation method faces Faced with huge challenges,poverty alleviation methods urgently need to be reformed,and the urgent reality of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way has prompted Xi Jinping’s thoughts on precise poverty alleviation to come into being.The formation of Xi Jinping’s thought of precise poverty alleviation was not achieved overnight,but was enriched and developed on the basis of China’s traditional poverty alleviation methods.China’s traditional poverty alleviation has roughly gone through four stages:one is relief poverty alleviation under the conditions of a planned economy,the other is poverty alleviation under the reform of the rural economic system,the third is diversified development poverty alleviation under the rapid economic growth,and the fourth is Deepen poverty alleviation under the promotion of the whole village.On this basis,Xi Jinping’s precise poverty alleviation thought,based on "precision",clearly pointed out the core issues of "who to support","who will help","how to help" and "how to retreat" in poverty alleviation work,and targeted poverty alleviation.As the name suggests,it is necessary to find out the target of poverty alleviation and know the home situation.On this basis,it is necessary to implement refined management of the target of poverty alleviation,implement precise allocation of poverty alleviation resources,and implement precise support for the target of poverty alleviation to ensure poverty alleviation.Resources can be precisely connected with poverty alleviation targets.Xi Jinping’s thoughts on precision poverty alleviation make full use of the Marxist philosophical world view,which is rigorous and scientific;Xi Jinping’s thoughts on precision poverty alleviation are based on differences,systematic behavior requirements,developmental goals,and hierarchical guarantees,showing a rich basis.The diversity of Xi Jinping’s precision poverty alleviation ideas involves many fields such as economics,politics,culture,society and ecology,and the fields to be explored are extremely broad.In the exploration of China’s traditional poverty alleviation methods,Xi Jinping’s thoughts on precision poverty alleviation combined with China’s reality and used scientific and effective methods to put forward higher systemic requirements based on "precision",realizing the poverty alleviation method from "overflowing floods".Three innovative transformations to "precise drip irrigation",from "external source" to "internal source" and from "single type" to "comprehensive type".The test of the effectiveness of all work always depends on whether people’s lives have been improved and whether people’s rights and interests are truly protected.The practical achievements of Xi Jinping’s thoughts on targeted poverty alleviation are very historic.In the eight years of implementing targeted poverty alleviation,the number of rural poor people has been greatly reduced to elimination,and the number of "decaps" in poverty-stricken counties has risen to zero and poverty.The living conditions of rural residents in the region have been improved,and the level of economic development in poverty-stricken areas has been improved;at,the same time,it has also consolidated the party’s ruling foundation in the rural areas of poverty-stricken areas,formed the social aggregation effect of poverty governance,established a scientific industrial poverty alleviation development mechanism,It has created a good cultural atmosphere in poor rural areas,improved the rural social security system in poor areas,and created a harmonious and beautiful ecological environment.Xi Jinping’s thoughts on precise poverty alleviation have promoted the establishment of a long-term poverty alleviation mechanism and laid a solid foundation for the steady connection with rural revitalization.In order to achieve a steady connection with rural revitalization,it is necessary to vigorously consolidate the direct effects of targeted poverty alleviation,and on this basis,continue the profound effects of targeted poverty alleviation,so that targeted poverty alleviation can be integrated with rural revitalization in terms of objectives,subjects and policies.Convergence.Xi Jinping’s thought of precise poverty alleviation has not only achieved great practical achievements,but also endowed the era with profound value and significance.On the basis of inheriting and carrying forward the Marxist anti-poverty thought,Xi Jinping’s precision poverty alleviation thought has further enriched and deepened the socialist poverty alleviation and development theoretical system with Chinese characteristics.At the same time,the overall victory of China’s poverty alleviation has also accelerated the pace of global poverty governance.Global poverty governance has contributed unique "Chinese wisdom" and has profound international influence.更多还原