【作者】 王晗；

【导师】 施雪琴；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 世界史， 2021， 博士

【摘要】 菲律宾留美学生项目是美菲殖民当局于1903年设置的公费留学计划,该项目在菲律宾历史上具有重要的地位。在留美学生项目主管威廉·萨瑟兰的带领下,第一批菲律宾学生抵达旧金山,美国方面对他们进行了较为妥善地安排。在美国,留学生们在基本的学业任务之外,还广泛参与其它社会事务。兴办进步刊物、宣传民族意识与独立思想,是菲律宾学生的重要日常工作。他们也积极参加当地社团,以融入当地社会;期间还为菲律宾参与世界博览会、独立请愿团赴美等进行协调工作。1907年,首批留美学生回到菲律宾,经过资格考试,他们都顺利进入美菲殖民官僚体系内部。经过数年的政府雇员经历,部分留学生选择继续从政,一些则在其它社会领域“施展才华”。在政治上,他们加速了“菲律宾化”以及民族独立进程;经济上,积极创办民族工业和推广现代农业技术,完善基础设施建设;在科教领域,引入美式现代科学理念和先进医疗技术,菲律宾的现代科技迎来曙光。教育界的留学生兴办教育、增添菲律宾元素,力倡教育界的“民族化”。留学生项目开启了菲律宾女性留学的先河,她们人数虽少,但意义重大。女留学生们在妇科、教育学、女权等领域取得了瞩目成就。留学生项目的成功实施,为菲律宾培养了近千名人才。在教育领域,留学生们所倡导的“民族主义教育”有力促进了菲律宾人民族意识和国家认同的增强。该项目塑造了社会阶层跃升的良性渠道,对菲律宾新中产阶级的规模形成有益补充。然而,它也造成菲律宾社会“美国化”程度的加深,本土文化面临着衰退危机。菲律宾留美学生项目是美国“仁慈的同化”政策之一部分,是美国基于统治的需要而设置,其首要目的就是维护菲律宾秩序的稳定,进而谋取美国的自身利益。在客观上,该项目有利于菲律宾的国家建构,并对其现代化发展有一定促进作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 On 26 August 1903,Philippine Pensionado Program was formally enforcement by Insular Government of the Philippine Islands,this program is important in the history of the Philippines.The first batch of Filipino students arrived in San Francisco by ship from Manila,led by William Sutherland,head of the Pensionado Program,and were properly accommodated in the United States.After a break,the Bureau of Insular Affairs assigned them to all schools.Filipino students in the United States in addition to their basic academic tasks,they were also widely involved in other social affairs.It is an important daily work for those students to set up progressive publications and propagate national consciousness and independent thought.They also actively participate in local associations to integrate into local society;during the period,they also coordinate the participation of the Philippines in the World□s Fair,independent missions to the United States and so on.Most of the students have a strong "enthusiasm for serving the country".In 1907,the first Filipino students returned to the Philippines,and after the qualification examination,they all entered the America Philippines colonial bureaucracy smoothly.After several years of experience as government employees,some pensionados choose to continue in politics,while others "display their talents".Politically,they accelerated the process of "Filipinization" and national independence;economically,they actively established national industry and popularized modern agricultural technology,improved infrastructure construction;and in the field of science and education,the introduction of American modern scientific concepts and advanced medical technology,the Philippines’ modern science and technology ushered in the dawn.Pensionados set up education,add Philippine elements,and promote the education sector "nationalization".The Pensionado Program opened the first step for Filipino women to study abroad.Although their number is small,it is of great significance.Pensionada in gynecology,education,women’s rights and other fields have made remarkable achievements.The successful implementation of this program had trained nearly 1,000 talents for the Philippines.In the field of education,the nationalistic education advocated by pensionados has promoted the enhancement of Filipinos □ national consciousness and national identity.This program has more or less shaped the virtuous path of social class jump,a useful supplement to the size of the new ilustrado class in the Philippines.However,it also caused the deepening of the degree of "Americanization" in Philippine society,and the local culture was facing a serious recession crisis.The Philippine Pensionado Program is one of the "Benevolent Assimilation"policies of the United States.It is set up by the United States based on the need of rule.Its primary purpose is to maintain the stability of the Philippine order and thus to"exploit" the Philippines to a greater extent,pursue America□s own interests.Objectively,the program is beneficial to the national construction of the Philippines and promotes its modernization.更多还原