【作者】 聂兴信；

【导师】 卢才武；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 管理系统工程， 2020， 博士

【摘要】 深部矿产资源开发是未来矿山企业生存和发展的必然趋势,深井开采中存在的核心危害是“两高”问题:高应力岩爆危害及高地热引致的热湿危害。随着地下矿井开采深度增加、矿井内部岩温升高,以及开采设备功率增大、数量增多、生产强度提升引致的放热量增大,导致近年来高温矿井数量日趋增多、热湿危害愈加严重。深井开采中的高温高湿危害已成为重大矿井灾害之一,井下高温高湿环境严重影响了作业人员的生理状态和生产安全,该问题已成为深井开采矿山企业亟待解决的关键问题之一。针对该问题,论文主要研究内容如下:(1)高温矿井热湿环境系统分析。从对井下热湿环境的认知出发,梳理了井下热湿来源及计算,基于热力学焓差计算理论提出了井下热荷载反演计算模型及工作面冷负荷计算方法,通过掘进巷道温度场-风速场、运输巷道风速场增压、采掘区围岩注水降温三个数值模拟实验,揭示了高温矿井热湿环境特征及热害治理的本源方向。(2)高温矿井热湿环境对矿工身心安全的影响机理。首先,设计了热湿环境下矿工生理、心理及行为变化测试实验,设置23～26℃、27～30℃、31～34℃、35～38℃、39～42℃五个温度范围,60%-70%、70%-80%、80%-90%三个湿度区间,0.5m/s、1.5m/s和2.5m/s三种风速工况,对井下50名矿工进行了生理、心理及行为测量;其次,依据现场测定数据分析了各指标在不同环境工况下的变化规律,构建了高温矿井热湿环境对矿工生理、心理、行为影响的回归分析模型,基于回归分析结果实现了热湿环境对矿工身心安全的影响机理模型构建;最后,结合涌现理论计算了矿工身心安全态势影响指标的影响度及耦合关系,揭示了矿工身心安全态势影响指标的耦合作用机理。(3)高温矿井热湿环境对矿工身心安全影响态势评估。基于热湿环境对矿工身心安全影响指标体系,提出基于集对分析的矿工自身安全影响态势评估模型;并利用扩展的多元联系数计算矿工自身安全影响的偏联系度,将传统的三元联系数集对分析拓展为与矿工身心安全影响等级相适应的五元联系数模型,将模糊层次分析理论(FAHP)与信息熵理论(IE)结合,确定评价指标的权重,对多元联系数不断求偏导得出矿工安全影响偏联系度的计算方法,利用偏联系度和跃迁距离综合反映矿工自身安全影响的发展趋势,最后采用物元可拓模型评定矿工身心安全态势影响等级。(4)高温矿井热害治理及防护对策。首先梳理了高温矿井热害治理的三种人工制冷降温对策;其次针对高温矿井通风系统,提出了动态补偿冷风的降温减湿对策,针对井下采掘区提出了基于大风流水幕喷淋净化的可控循环增风降温对策,针对掘进及运输作业区提出了局部增压降温对策;最后,针对矿工自身,从能力上岗、作业制度、安全防护、营养及体质、应急救援、环境检测等方面提出了安全防护对策措施建议。(5)结合实例,进行JQ金矿的通风问题诊断,对该矿井井下矿工自身安全进行了影响态势评估,制定并实施了矿井通风系统优化改造及风水协同治理措施,取得了明显的治理效果。在理论方面,论文基于热力学焓差计算理论提出了井下热荷载反演计算模型及工作面冷负荷计算方法,基于涌现理论揭示了矿工身心安全态势影响指标的耦合作用机理,构建了基于FAHP-IE优化集对分析的矿工身心安全影响态势评估模型,有助于丰富高温矿井热湿环境影响机理的理论体系。在应用层面,论文基于实际进行了热湿环境下矿工生理、心理及行为变化测试实验,收集的现场数据及分析结果,间接推动了矿山企业对矿工身心安全及职业健康的重视保障;论文基于工程实践,采用技术组合创新形式提出了动态补偿冷风高温矿井热害水风协同治理方法,实现了高温矿井热害的有效治理。论文对高温矿井矿工安全防护、井下安全生产管理具有一定参考意义,对高温矿井热湿环境的治理改善具有较好应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development of deep mineral resources is an inevitable trend for the survival and development of mining enterprises in the future.The core disaster in deep well mining is the "two highs" problem: high stress rock-burst hazards and heat and humidity hazards caused by high geothermal heat.With the increase of the mining depth,the increase of the rock temperature inside the mines,and the increase of the heat generation caused by the increase of the power,quantity and production intensity of mining equipment,the number of high-temperature mines has increased in recent years,and heat and humidity hazards have become more serious.High-temperature and high-humidity hazards in deep-well mining have become one of the major mine disasters.The high-temperature and high-humidity environment down-hole has seriously affected the physiological state and production safety of operators.This problem has become one of the pivotal issues for deep-mine mining enterprises to be urgently addressed.In view of this problem,the main research contents of the paper are as follows:(1)Analysis of hot and humid environment system in high temperature mine.Based on the cognition of the down-hole hot and humid environment,combing the source and calculation of down-hole heat and humidity.Based on the calculation theory of thermodynamic enthalpy difference,an inversion calculation model of underground thermal load and a method of calculating the cold load on the working face were proposed.Three numerical simulation experiments of the pressure increase of the wind speed field of the mining field,the transportation roadway,and the water injection and cooling of the surrounding rock in the mining area revealed the characteristics of the hot and humid environment of the high temperature mine and the original direction of heat damage management.(2)Influence mechanism of hot and humid environment of high temperature mine on physical and mental safety of miners.First,a test experiment on the changes in physiology,psychology and behavior of miners in a hot and humid environment was designed.The temperature ranges of 23～ 26℃,27～30℃,31～34℃,35～38℃,and39～42℃.humidity sets at 60%-70%,70%-80%,80%-90% three humidity ranges,0.5m/s,1.5m/s and 2.5m/s three wind speed conditions,50 miners in the mine were physiologically、psychologically and behavior measurement;Secondly,according to the field measurement data,the changes of each index under different environmental conditions are analyzed,and a regression analysis model for the influence of the hot and humid environment of high temperature mines on the physiology,psychology and behavior of miners is constructed and based on the results of regression analysis,a model of the influence mechanism of hot and humid environment on the physical and mental safety of miners was realized;Finally,combined with the emergence theory,the influence degree and coupling relationship of the miner’s physical and mental safety posture impact indicators were calculated,and the coupling mechanism of the miner’s physical and mental safety posture impact indicators was revealed.(3)Analysis of the causes of the thermal accidents in high temperature mines and assessment of the safety risk situation of the miners themselves.Based on the action mechanism model of thermal and humid environment on miners’ own safety,a risk situation assessment model of miners’ own safety based on set pair analysis is proposed.By using the extended multiple connection number to calculate the partial connection degree of the safety risk of the miners,the traditional set pair analysis of the triple connection number is expanded to the five connection number model suitable for the safety risk level of the miners,and the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(FAHP)theory and information entropy theory(IE)are combined to determine the weight of the evaluation index.The calculation method of the safety risk partial connection degree of the miner is obtained by the continuous derivation of the multiple connection number,and the development trend of the safety risk of the miner is comprehensively reflected by the partial connection degree and the transition distance.(4)The treatment of heat damage in high temperature mine and the safety protection measures for the miners themselves.First of all,three kinds of artificial cooling and cooling countermeasures for thermal damage management of high temperature mines were sorted out.Secondly,for the high temperature mine ventilation system,temperature and dehumidification countermeasures for dynamic compensation of cold wind were proposed.For the underground mining area,a controllable control based on high wind water curtain spray purification was proposed The countermeasures of cyclic wind increase and temperature reduction are proposed for the tunneling and transportation operation areas.Finally,for the miners themselves,safety is proposed from the aspects of ability induction,operation system,safety protection,nutrition and physical fitness,emergency rescue,and environmental detection.Suggestions on protective measures.(5)Combined with an example,the ventilation problems of JQ Gold Mine are diagnosed,the impact situation assessment of the mine’s own safety was carried out,and the mine ventilation system optimization and reform and Feng-shui cooperative treatment measures were formulated and implemented,and the obvious treatment effect is achieved.In terms of theory,based on the calculation theory of thermodynamic enthalpy difference,this paper puts forward the inverse calculation model of underground thermal load and the calculation method of cold load in working face.Based on the emergence theory,the coupling mechanism of the influence indicators of the miner’s physical and mental safety situation was revealed,and a model for evaluating the miner’s physical and mental safety influence situation based on the FAHP-IE optimization set pair analysis was constructed,which is helpful to enrich the theoretical system of the hot and humid environment influence mechanism of high temperature mines.At the application level,based on the actual test experiments of miners’ physiological、psychological and behavioral changes in hot and humid environments,the field data and analysis results collected have indirectly promoted the protection of miners’ physical and mental safety and occupational health.Based on engineering practice,the thesis proposes a method for dynamically compensating the thermal damage of cold wind and high temperature mines by using the combination of innovative technologies.The method of water and wind collaborative management is proposed to achieve effective management of high temperature mine heat damage.The thesis has certain reference significance for the safety protection of high temperature mines and safety management of underground production,and has a good application value for the improvement of the hot and humid environment of high temperature mines.更多还原