【作者】 徐皎；

【导师】 孙湘明；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 艺术哲学， 2022， 博士

【摘要】 设计作为创造性活动与人类社会发展息息相关,在协调与完善人与自然、社会、自我关系中扮演重要角色。现代设计是伴随着机器批量化生产的任务、需求而不断进化和发展。不可否认,有很多优秀的设计帮助人们解决了生活中各种不便,但也有很多设计被商业和资本控制,从为人类谋幸福变成了一种影响、支配、统治的异己力量与人类对抗,设计异化问题由此产生。设计异化不只是设计专业自身的问题,而是一个时代的文化问题、社会问题、生态问题以及伦理问题的综合反映。基于此,本文将立足于学界已有理论成果推进设计异化研究,试图梳理和构建设计异化研究的理论框架,厘清设计异化思想内部各类型之间的逻辑关系,以及设计异化问题的多重根源,从主体责任入手探求可行的设计异化治理路径。本文首先从设计的本质回望延伸出设计异化的概念。设计原本是通过主体意识的外化与有目的的实践活动,以构建新的、和谐共生的生活世界。然而,在消费文化和人们的欲望需求下,设计走入歧途,设计的目的成为商业手段,控制和阻碍了人类社会的发展。通过梳理异化思想的形成与演变,以马克思劳动异化、法兰克福学派的技术异化、艺术异化为牵引,生成设计异化的三种哲学批判,作为本文的重要理论支撑。基于设计异化的理论批判,结合设计中的异化现象,归纳为主体异化、功能异化、审美异化。在主体异化方面,设计主体受制于资本市场和机械生产需求,造成设计主体地位消解、自觉意识弱化及实践过程断裂。功能异化表现在功能置于人的逻辑之上,导致使用功能形式化、认知功能障碍化及创新功能表面化。在审美异化方面,原本服务于使用者的艺术审美演变为一种市场策略和消费行为,泛滥着“以金钱设计”为导向的物化特质。由设计异化的类型进一步推衍出设计异化的资本化、过度技术化和反人性化三大特征。在以资本市场为导向的设计活动中,设计降格为增价手段,使设计思维资本化、设计存在商品化及设计场域消费化。原本实现设计意图的技术蜕变成主动性的、进攻性的概念,过度使用技术的设计活动成为流水线上的复制品,形成了自动化、结构化的设计方法论,对技术的依赖最终导致批判性的丧失,最终造成人与物的颠倒、人与社会的紧张及人与自然的疏离。回溯现代设计,在启蒙理性的影响,设计从社会革命运动中不断尝试寻找技术与艺术的平衡,却一步步走向了设计理性。价值理性的缺失,使围绕设计的决策主体权力化、设计主体功利化,使用主体欲望化。设计的工具理性与价值理性的分离,反映在设计表现上则是符号的象征支配,图像的意义裹挟以及文化的权力滥用。异化的发生终究是人的异化,设计异化的治理需要把与设计活动相关的主体引导到正确的轨道上,通过对设计师、社会、企业和政府的责任划分,建立起正确的责任伦理观,才是有效抑制设计异化的最有效途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a creative activity,design is closely related to the development of human society and plays an important role in coordinating and improving the relationship between human and nature,society and self.Modern design is evolving and developing with the task and demand of machine batch production.It is undeniable that there are many excellent designs that help people solve various inconveniences in life,but there are also many designs that are controlled by business and capital,from seeking happiness for human beings to becoming a kind of alien force that influences,dominates and rules against human beings,and the problem of design alienation arises from this.Design alienation is not only a problem of the design profession itself,but a comprehensive reflection of the cultural,social,ecological and ethical issues of an era.Based on this,this paper will promote the research of design alienation based on the existing theoretical achievements in the academic circle,try to sort out and build the theoretical framework of design alienation research,clarify the logical relationship between various types of design alienation thought,and the multiple roots of design alienation,and explore a feasible governance path of design alienation from the perspective of the main responsibility.This paper first extends the concept of design alienation from the essence of design.Originally,design was to build a new,harmonious and symbiotic life world through the externalization of subject consciousness and purposeful practical activities.However,under the consumer culture and people’s desire and demand,design went astray,and the purpose of design became a commercial means,controlling and hindering the development of human society.By sorting out the formation and evolution of alienation thought,three philosophical criticisms of design alienation are generated under the guidance of Marx’s labor alienation,Frankfurt School’s technological alienation and artistic alienation,which serve as the important theoretical support of this paper.Based on the theoretical criticism of design alienation,combined with the alienation phenomenon in design,it can be summarized as subject alienation,function alienation and aesthetic alienation.In the aspect of subject alienation,the design subject is subject to the capital market and the demand of mechanical production,which leads to the dissolution of the status of the design subject,the weakening of self-consciousness and the rupture of the practice process.Functional alienation is manifested in that function is placed above human logic,which leads to formalization of use function,cognitive dysfunction and surfacing of innovative function.In terms of aesthetic alienation,the artistic aesthetics that originally served users evolved into a market strategy and consumption behavior,overflowing with the materialization characteristic of "money oriented design".From the type of design alienation,three characteristics of design alienation are further deduced: capitalization,over technology and anti humanity.In the capital market oriented design activities,design is reduced to a means of increasing price,which makes the design thinking capitalized,the design existence commercialized and the design field consumptive.The technology that originally realized the design intent has degenerated into an active and offensive concept,and the design activities that overused technology have become replicas on the assembly line,forming an automated and structured design methodology.The dependence on technology eventually leads to the loss of criticism,and ultimately leads to the reversal of man and object,the tension between man and society,and the alienation between man and nature.In retrospect of modern design,under the influence of enlightenment reason,design has been trying to find the balance between technology and art from the social revolutionary movement,but gradually moved towards design reason.The lack of value rationality makes the decision makers around design become more powerful,the design makers become more utilitarian,and the users become more desirous.The separation of instrumental rationality and value rationality in design is reflected in the symbolic control of symbols,the meaning of images and the abuse of cultural power in design performance.The occurrence of alienation is ultimately human alienation.The governance of design alienation needs to guide the subjects related to design activities to the right track.The most effective way to effectively curb design differentiation is to establish a correct responsibility ethics by dividing the responsibilities of designers,society,enterprises and the government.更多还原