【作者】 陈鸿；

【导师】 何勇； 潘绪超；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 兵器科学与技术， 2022， 博士

【摘要】 爆炸电磁辐射形成机制是爆轰物理领域的前沿基础问题,通过电磁辐射角度可深入理解炸药爆轰释能过程,在工程应用领域,研究典型炸药爆炸电磁辐射特性对增强炸药爆炸电磁辐射能力,实现炸药能量的高效利用以及炸药使用领域的扩展有着实际应用价值。本文阐述了炸药爆炸电磁辐射形成机理,建立了爆炸电磁辐射数学模型,确定了炸药爆轰参数对爆炸电磁辐射强度影响关系;开展了爆炸等离子体参数特性实验研究,明确了炸药爆炸过程中的带电粒子形成机制及爆炸等离子体特征参数时域变化规律;以典型炸药为研究对象,开展了爆炸电磁辐射时空传播特性实验研究,分析了爆炸电磁辐射特征参数与炸药宏观参数之间量化关系,验证了爆炸电磁辐射数学模型的准确性,证明了爆炸电磁辐射性能增强方案的可行性。具体研究内容如下:(1)基于炸药在空气中的爆轰过程,揭示炸药爆炸电磁辐射源形成机制;基于爆轰气体动力学、电磁学以及等离子体辐射输运方程建立炸药在空气中爆炸电磁辐射过程数学模型,简化相关参数与边界条件,获得爆炸电磁辐射一维传播解;基于理想炸药爆轰模型与偶极辐射原理,建立理想炸药爆炸电磁辐射强度计算模型,确定爆温、带电粒子加速度以及气体电离度是影响爆炸电磁辐射强度关键因素;分析爆炸电磁辐射时空传播特性与频谱特性,确定在爆炸远场区域电磁辐射电场强度与观测距离倒数成正比,辐射信号频谱为连续谱。(2)基于微波瑞利散射原理,研制一种可以测定小尺寸爆炸等离子体时变电子密度的测试装置;以小尺寸RDX为研究对象,开展爆炸等离子体参数特性实验研究;通过同步触发系统、高速分幅相机与微波瑞利散射装置测得小尺寸RDX爆炸等离子体时变电子密度量级为10-20m-3,发现爆炸等离子体电子密度在时域上有两段波动;基于炸药爆轰过程,分析爆炸等离子体产生两次波动成因,确定两个波动阶段爆炸等离子体的主要成分以及粒子碰撞形式。(3)构建适用于爆炸环境的电磁辐射信号测试系统,确定爆炸电磁辐射信号分析方法;开展电雷管及传爆药柱爆炸电磁辐射信号实验研究,验证爆炸电磁辐射信号测试系统及信号分析方法可行,获得实验所用起爆系统产生的爆炸电磁辐射信号波形特征及信号强度量级,确定典型炸药爆炸电磁辐射特性研究的影响因素。(4)开展典型单质炸药TNT爆炸电磁辐射特性实验研究,分析TNT爆炸电磁辐射时域与频域特性。不同质量TNT爆炸电磁辐射信号在时域上可分为3个阶段,辐射信号频率集中在70-200MHz,辐射信号沿炸药径向传播特性一致;辐射信号出现时刻距起爆时刻有延迟,不同阶段信号延迟时间和电场强度随炸药质量变化趋势不同,TNT爆炸电磁辐射信号强度与观测距离倒数成正比;基于TNT爆炸电磁辐射信号强度测试结果,验证理想爆炸电磁辐射信号强度计算模型有效性;基于理想爆炸电磁辐射模型与实验结果,得到TNT爆炸电磁辐射信号强度-质量-距离关系工程模型;确定TNT爆炸电磁辐射时域波形中的脉冲数目与炸药质量1/3次方呈正比。(5)开展钝化RDX爆炸电磁辐射特性实验研究,分析钝化RDX爆炸电磁辐射信号特性,确定钝化RDX爆炸电磁辐射信号时域波形中的脉冲信号数目较少、分布集中,主要频率集中在80-250MHz,辐射信号延迟时间与炸药质量无关,得到钝化RDX爆炸电磁辐射信号强度-质量-距离关系工程模型;开展RDX基含铝炸药爆炸电磁辐射信号特性实验研究,分析不同含铝量对爆炸电磁辐射特性影响规律,确定铝含量为0-30%的RDX基含铝炸药辐射信号频率在70-400MHz之间,信号延迟时间及强度与含铝量之间是非线性关系,当含铝量为20%时,信号电场强度最大,延迟时间最短;不同种类炸药爆炸电磁辐射特性不同,添加活性金属能够改变爆炸电磁辐射特性,可以通过添加适量活性金属增强炸药爆炸电磁辐射性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 The formation mechanism of electromagnetic radiation from explosion is a frontier and basic problem in detonation physics field.The detonation energy release process of explosives can be deeply understood from the perspective of electromagnetic radiation.In the field of engineering application,studying the electromagnetic radiation characteristics from typical explosive has practical application value for enhancing the electromagnetic radiation ability of explosive,realizing the efficient utilization of explosive energy and the expansion of the field of explosive use.In this paper,the formation mechanism of electromagnetic radiation from explosive is described,the mathematical model of electromagnetic radiation is established,and the relationship between detonation parameters and electromagnetic radiation intensity is determined;The experimental study on the parameter characteristics of plasma generated from explosive is carried out,and the formation mechanism of charged particles and the variation law of characteristic parameters of plasma in time domain are clarified;Taking typical explosives as the research object,the experimental research on the spatio-temporal propagation characteristics of electromagnetic radiation from explosive is carried out,the quantitative relationship between the characteristic parameters of electromagnetic radiation and the macroscopic parameters of explosives is analyzed,the accuracy of the mathematical model of electromagnetic radiation is verified,and the feasibility of the enhancement scheme of electromagnetic radiation from explosive performance is proved.The specific research contents are as follows:（1）Based on the detonation process of explosive in air,the formation mechanism of electromagnetic radiation source generated from explosive is revealed;According to the detonation gas dynamics,electromagnetism and plasma radiation transport equation,the mathematical model of the process of electromagnetic radiation from explosive in air is established,the relevant parameters and boundary conditions are simplified,and the one dimensional propagation solution of electromagnetic radiation from explosive is obtained;Based on the ideal detonation model and dipole radiation principle,the calculation model of electromagnetic radiation intensity of ideal detonation is established.It is determined that the detonation temperature,charged particle acceleration and gas ionization degree are the key factors affecting the intensity of electromagnetic radiation.The characteristics of space-time propagation and spectrum of electromagnetic radiation from explosion are analyzed.It is determined that the electric field intensity of electromagnetic radiation from explosive is directly proportional to the reciprocal of observation distance,and the spectrum of radiation signal is continuous spectrum.（2）Based on the principle of microwave Rayleigh scattering,a test device for measuring the time-varying electron density of small-scale plasma generated from explosive is developed.Taking the small-size RDX as the research object,the experimental study on the parameter characteristics of plasma generated from explosive is carried out.The time-varying electron density of small-size plasma generated from RDX measured by synchronous trigger system,high-speed framing camera and microwave Rayleigh scattering device is 10^-20m^-3.It is found that the electron density of plasma generated from explosive has two fluctuations in time domain.Based on the explosive detonation process,the causes of two fluctuations of plasma are analyzed,and the main components and particle collision forms of plasma in the two fluctuation stages are determined.（3）Build an electromagnetic radiation signal test system suitable for explosive environment,and the analysis method of electromagnetic radiation signal is determined.Carry out the experimental research on the electromagnetic radiation signal from electric detonator and booster grain,verify the reliability of the electromagnetic radiation signal test system and signal analysis method,obtain the waveform characteristics and signal intensity of the electromagnetic radiation signal generated by the initiation system used in the experiment,and determine the influencing factors of the research on the characteristics of electromagnetic radiation from typical explosives.（4）The experimental study on the electromagnetic radiation characteristics generated from typical simple explosive TNT is carried out,and the time and frequency domain characteristics of electromagnetic radiation are analyzed.The electromagnetic radiation signal from TNT can be divided into three stages in time domain.The frequency of the signal is concentrated at 70-200MHz,and the signal has the same propagation characteristics along the radial direction of the explosive.The occurrence time of radiation signal is delayed from the initiation time,the variation trend of delay time and electric field intensity in different stages with mass is different.The electromagnetic radiation signal intensity of TNT is directly proportional to the reciprocal of observation distance.Based on the test results of signal intensity,the effectiveness of the ideal explosion electromagnetic radiation signal intensity calculation model is verified.Based on the model and test results,the engineering model of electromagnetic radiation signal from TNT intensity-mass-distance relationship is obtained.It is determined that the number of pulses in the tiome domain waveform of electromagnetic radiation from TNT is directly proportional to the 1/3 power of mass.（5）Carry out the experimental research on the electromagnetic radiation characteristics from passivated RDX,the electromagnetic radiation signal characteristics are analyzed.The number and distribution of pulse signals in the time domain waveform from passivated RDX is small and concentrated,and the main frequency is concentrated at 80-250MHz.The delay time of radiation signal is independent of mass.The engineering model of the relationship between intensity-mass-distance of electromagnetic radiation signal from passivated RDX is obtained.Carry out the experimental research on the characteristics of electromagnetic radiation signal from RDX based aluminized explosive,analyze the influence law of different aluminum content on electromagnetic radiation characteristics,and determine that the radiation signal frequency from RDX based aluminized explosive is between 70-400MHz,and the delay time of signal and intensity have a nonlinear relationship with the aluminum content.When the aluminum content is 20%,the signal electric field intensity is the largest,the shortest delay time.Different kinds of explosives have different electromagnetic radiation characteristics.The addition of active metal can change the electromagnetic radiation characteristics from explosive.The electromagnetic radiation performance from explosives can be enhanced by adding an appropriate amount of active metal.更多还原