【作者】 王伟；

【导师】 齐庆杰；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁工程技术大学 ， 安全科学与工程， 2021， 博士

【摘要】 地震破坏力大巨大,危害人类生活和生产活动。煤矿是受地震灾害影响较为严重的生产企业,煤矿地质和生产条件复杂,受地震影响的承灾体众多,极易诱发次生灾害。我国于2020年至2022年开展第一次全国自然灾害综合风险普查工作,其中包括对煤矿企业进行地震诱发次生灾害隐患调查与评估,摸清煤矿次生灾害风险隐患底数、查明煤矿承灾体设防能力及抗灾救灾能力、科学评价煤矿次生灾害风险程度,进而提升煤矿抗震减灾能力,是自然灾害风险评估的重要工作内容。论文针对地震诱发煤矿次生灾害风险评估和隐患排查重大需求,系统开展次生灾害调查的指标体系、评估方法和减灾策略研究。论文研究了地震诱发煤矿次生灾害类型和破坏特征,构建了地震诱发煤矿次生灾害评估指标体系,建立了次生灾害隐患空间网络,揭示了灾害链次生灾害传导演化机制,提出了地震诱发煤矿次生灾害评估方法,给出了地震诱发煤矿次生灾害断链减灾方法与对策。论文取得以下研究成果:(1)建立了地震诱发煤矿次生灾害调查技术标准和评估指标体系。研究了地震诱发煤矿次生灾害特征和影响因素,针对煤矿承灾体的不同承灾功能,结合煤矿已有设计、建设的抗震设防标准,按照“面”(煤矿)、“线”(承灾体)、“点”(承灾体指标)构建了煤矿次生灾害评估技术标准的结构,从“人-机-环-管”四方面分析建立了地震诱发煤矿次生灾害的三级评估指标体系。(2)基于煤矿次生灾害承灾体空间网络模型,提出了地震诱发煤矿次生灾害链有向图的权重计算方法。基于有向图、灾害链理论,提出次生灾害有向图分析法,按照地震诱发煤矿次生灾害类型分析承灾体,使用有向图网分析计算承灾体评估指标的权重,融合层次分析法与熵值法计算承灾体指标权重,综合得出承灾体综合权重。(3)基于空间网络与次生灾害系统,提出了地震诱发煤矿承灾体空间次生灾害边界评估方法与断链减灾策略。基于提出的次生灾害空间网络,建立承灾体向量空间,根据不同次生灾害的承灾体权重,提出次生灾害边界评估方法,使用有向图对次生灾害空间网络进行分析,给出了以承灾体为节点的次生灾害链数学描述,分析次生灾害传递演化的过程,提出次生灾害系统的三级演化状态,在不同级状态下给出断链减灾策略。(4)对贵州省试点的两座煤矿进行评估,给出了两矿的次生灾害断链减灾方法与对策。使用文中提出的地震诱发煤矿次生灾害评估方法,对贵州省两座试点煤矿开展评估,计算分析出两矿次生灾害的评估结果,按不同次生灾害给出断链减灾策略。为地震诱发煤矿次生灾害调查与评估提供新思路。该论文有图42幅,表50个,参考文献142篇。更多还原

【Abstract】 Earthquake is one of the serious natural disasters.Due to its great destructive power,it has great harm to human life and production activities.Coal mine is a production enterprise seriously affected by earthquake disasters.Coal mine geological and production conditions are complex,affected by the earthquake disaster bearing body is numerous,easy to induce secondary disasters.China carried out the first national comprehensive risk survey of natural disasters from 2020 to2022,in which the investigation and evaluation of the hidden dangers of secondary disasters induced by earthquakes in coal mining enterprises were carried out,and the bottom number of hidden dangers of secondary disasters in coal mines was found out out,the fortification ability of coal mine disaster bearing body and the ability of disaster resistance and relief were identified,and the risk degree of secondary disasters in coal mines was scientifically evaluated,so as to improve the seismic and disaster reduction ability of coal mines.Aiming at the major needs of secondary disaster risk assessment and hidden danger investigation in coal mine induced by earthquake,this paper systematically studies the index system,evaluation method and disaster reduction strategy of secondary disaster investigation.This paper studies the types and damage characteristics of secondary disasters in coal mines induced by earthquakes,constructs the evaluation index system of secondary disasters in coal mines induced by earthquakes,establishes the spatial network of hidden dangers of secondary disasters,reveals the transmission and evolution mechanism of secondary disasters in disaster chain,puts forward the evaluation method of secondary disasters in coal mines induced by earthquakes,and puts forward the methods and countermeasures for reducing secondary disasters in coal mines induced by earthquakes.The following research results are obtained in this paper :(1)The technical standards and evaluation index system of coal mine secondary disasters induced by earthquake were established.Through the research on the characteristics and influencing factors of secondary disasters in coal mines induced by earthquakes,according to the different disaster-bearing functions of coal mine disaster-bearing bodies,combined with the existing design and construction of coal mines,seismic fortification standards,according to the ’face ’(coal mine),’ line ’(disaster-bearing body)and ’ point ’(disaster-bearing body index),the structure of coal mine secondary disaster assessment technical standards is constructed,and the three-level evaluation index system of secondary disasters in coal mines induced by earthquakes is established from the four aspects of ’ human-machine-environment-management ’.(2)Based on the spatial network model of coal mine secondary disaster bearing body,the weight calculation method of earthquake induced coal mine secondary disaster chain directed graph is proposed.In the framework of the secondary disaster system,based on the directed graph analysis method of the secondary disaster chain proposed by the directed graph and the disaster chain,the correlation structure of the coal mine disaster bearing body affected by the earthquake disaster is analyzed.According to the types of secondary disasters in coal mines induced by earthquakes,the weight of the evaluation index of the disaster bearing body is calculated by the directed graph network analysis.Combined with the weight of the disaster bearing body index calculated by the fusion of AHP and entropy method,the comprehensive weight of the disaster bearing body is obtained.(3)Based on the spatial network and secondary disaster system,the boundary assessment method and chain breaking mitigation strategy of secondary disaster in space of coal mine disaster-bearing body induced by earthquake are proposed.Based on the spatial network of secondary disasters,the vector space of the disaster-bearing body is established.According to the weight of the disaster-bearing body of different types of secondary disasters,the boundary evaluation method of secondary disasters is proposed based on the evaluation of the disaster-bearing body vector.The spatial network of secondary disasters is analyzed by using the directed graph.The mathematical description of the secondary disaster chain with the disaster-bearing body as the node is given.The process of the transmission and evolution of secondary disasters is analyzed.The three-level evolution state of the secondary disaster system is proposed,and the chain breaking disaster reduction strategy is given under different levels.(4)The secondary disaster survey data of pilot two mines in Guizhou Province were evaluated,and the methods and countermeasures for secondary disaster reduction of two mines were given.The evaluation method of secondary disasters induced by earthquakes proposed in this paper is used to evaluate two pilot coal mines in Guizhou Province.The evaluation results of secondary disasters in the two mines are calculated and analyzed,and the chain-breaking disaster reduction strategy is given according to different secondary disasters.It provides new ideas for investigation and evaluation of secondary disasters induced by earthquake in coal mines.更多还原