【作者】 陈旭；

【导师】 王树声；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 建筑历史与理论， 2021， 博士

【摘要】 唐代是中国佛教发展的鼎盛期,以佛塔为主的佛教建筑与此同时得以大规模营建,促进了唐代建筑技术及艺术的多元创新与发展。关中作为唐代政治、经济和文化的核心承载地,佛塔的建设格外兴盛,是集中反映唐塔建筑成就的典型代表区域。关中唐塔作为特殊标志建筑对于揭示唐代高层建筑设计理念及特征具有重要意义,可为其保护与利用提供帮助和借鉴,本论文以关中地区唐代砖塔遗存为重点对象展开系统研究。历史脉络梳理中,在阐明关中唐塔产生背景前提下,以唐代佛教及其建筑发展分期为基础,根据不同时期关中营塔发展的概况,总结了关中唐塔在营建发展中的阶段特征和变化规律,并且通过对保护事迹和时代动态的综合认识,归纳了关中唐塔在古代、近代、现代中的保护特征。以及系统论述了关中唐塔遗存的现状,以基本特性为问题导向启引后续章节的理论研究。选址及空间布局研究中,以赋予人文精神的唐代择址理念为基础,在择址动因上辨析了关中唐塔与佛寺的营建关系,总结了不同地域环境中的基本择址意向,并通过对关中唐塔空间构成关系的系统分析,认识到关中唐塔作为特殊景观要素促进了城市美的体现,在提升城市空间层次、增添多维视景空间和实现登临意境体验中发挥有重要作用,同时重点归纳了关中唐塔空间组织的重要特征,提出组织规律及理想模式,体现着中国古代人文空间秩序建设结合大尺度自然山水布局的规划传统。设计手法分析中,从尺度构成、构图手法和变量关系三个角度揭示了关中唐塔造型设计的基本规律和原则。通过对关中唐塔营造用尺的认识,发现模块砖的厚度与尺长存在关联,分析验证了尺度构成的基本规律;确立了以平定立方圆构图模式的基本概念,同时在关中唐塔中验证了此方法在层高宏观调控方面的有效适用性;利用回归模型研究分析形态变量的共性关系,经过推理验证确立了多组变量的转换规律,并发现了控制和影响关中唐塔外观形式统一而多样的重要技术指标。基于以上分析所得形态控制的规律,对关中唐塔的造型设计提出逻辑设想与建构。砖作技艺解析中,从材料和结构的认识入手,集中解析了地宫、塔基、主体墙身、仿木构件、门窗洞口、塔檐出挑、室内顶部和塔刹的具体建构及做法,总结了关中唐塔营造技艺的主要特征,并构想了关中唐塔建筑施工的步骤与方法。本论文通过系统研究,主要在关中唐塔营建和保护发展的阶段特征、选址的基本意向、空间布局的组织特征及规律、建筑造型设计的内在规律与方法、以及砖作技艺的特征等方面取得了一定的创新成果。为中国古代建筑史、中国古代建筑设计理论与方法、中国城市山水人文空间格局理论等课题研究补充了新的内容,具有重要的学术价值和参考价值。论文还对历史文献和测绘成果进行了系统的整理,为相关研究奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of the development of Buddhism in China.Buddhist architecture with pagoda as its main form was built a lot at the same time,which promoted the diversified innovation and development of architectural technology and art in the Tang Dynasty.Guanzhong,as the core carrying place of politics,economy and culture of Tang Dynasty,was particularly prosperous in the construction of Buddhist pagoda.Guanzhong is a typical region that reflects the achievements of pagoda architecture in Tang Dynasty.As a special landmark building,the Buddhist Pagoda in Guanzhong is of great significance to reveal the design concept and characteristics of high-rise building in Tang Dynasty and can provide help and reference for its protection and utilization.This paper focuses on the remains of brick pagoda of Tang Dynasty in Guanzhong to carry out a systematic study.In the historical context sorting,on the premise of clarifying the background of the emergence of Buddhist pagoda of Tang Dynasty in Guanzhong,based on the Buddhism and its architectural development stages in Tang Dynasty,and according to the general situation of the build and development of pagoda in Guanzhong in different periods,the characteristics of different periods and the law of change in the construction and development of Tang pagoda in Guanzhong are summarized.Furthermore,through the comprehensive understanding of the protection achievement and dynamic,summed up the protection characteristics of the Tang pagoda in ancient times and modern times.The quantity distribution and classification of the remains of Tang pagoda in Guanzhong are systematically discussed,and the basic characteristics oriented the theoretical study of the following chapters.In the study of site selection and spatial layout,based on the site selection concept of Tang Dynasty endowed with humanistic spirit,the relationship between the construction of Tang pagoda and Buddhist temple in Guanzhong was analyzed in terms of site selection motivation,and the site selection intention in different regional environments was summarized.Through system analysis of space constitution for the Guanzhong Tang Pagoda,this study combined with the basic spatial awareness in Tang Dynasty to realize Tang Pagoda in Guanzhong.They are acted as a special landscape element playing an important role to promote the beauty of city,raised the level of urban space,add a multidimensional visual space and achieve the artistic conception experience of ascend a height.While this study summarized the important characteristics of spatial organization of Tang Pagoda in Guanzhong,proposed the organization rules and ideal model,which reflects the Chinese ancient planning traditions of humanistic space construction and layout combined with the natural landscape order.In the analysis of design methods,through selecting samples,obtaining data and proposing methods as the basis of research,the basic laws and principles in the modeling design of pagoda of Guanzhong in Tang Dyanasty are revealed from three perspectives including scale composition,composition techniques and variable relations.First of all,in understanding the ruler system and building ruler in Tang Dynasty,it is found that the thickness of block is related to the length of the ruler,and the basic law of scale composition is analyzed and verified.Secondly,according to the research contents of the height control of ancient Chinese tower,the basic concept of the square and circle composition mode of “establishing by leveling” is put forward,and the effective applicability of this method in the macro-control of story height is verified in the pagoda of Guanzhong in Tang Dyanasty.Thirdly,the regression model is used to study and analyze the common relationship of morphological variables,and the basic law of the transformation of multiple groups of variables is established through verification,and the important technique indexes that control and influence the uniform and diverse appearance of Tang pagoda in Guanzhong are found.Based on the analysis of the form control law,logical assumption and construction for the shape design of Tang Pagoda in Guanzhong is proposed.In the analysis of brick-making skill,from material composition and structure system,mainly analyze the specific construction method of underground palace,foundation,wall of the main body,imitation wooden pieces,doors and windows,the eaves,indoor ceiling and spire,summarizes the main characteristic of construction skill performance of pagodas of Guanzhong in Tang Dynasty,and conceived the basic steps and methods of pagodas of Guanzhong in Tang Dynasty.This paper has made some innovative achievements in the aspects of the phase characteristics of the construction,development,protection and inheritance of the pagodas of Guanzhong in Tang Dynasty,the characteristic summary of the site selection intention,the organization characteristics and rules of spatial layout,internal rules and methods of architectural modeling design,and the performance characteristics of the brick-making skills.It is of great academic and reference value for the research on the history of ancient Chinese architecture,the theory and method of ancient architectural design,and the theory of “Shanshui & Renwen Space Structure” in Chinese city.In addition,the historical documents,surveying and mapping results are systematically sorted out,which lays a foundation for relative studies.更多还原