【作者】 王丹；

【导师】 王雪青；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2020， 博士

【摘要】 建筑业作为高危行业之一,工作场所充斥着工作压力源。由于施工过程的不确定性和复杂性,安全事故时有发生。为了减少工作场所事故的发生率,学者和建筑业管理者越来越强调员工的安全公民行为对确保建设项目安全的重要性。安全公民行为作为一种安全行为,它超越了工作中的安全合规性,旨在支持工作场所的整体安全。现有研究虽然强调了工作压力源对工作场所安全的决定性作用,但是建筑工人面临的安全压力源如何影响其安全公民行为,尚缺乏研究支持。本文从工作要求—资源视角出发,明确了安全压力源的构成及其传导模式,研究了安全压力源对建筑工人安全公民行为的影响机理及边界条件,确定了安全压力源与个体因素对建筑工人安全公民行为的联动作用模式。主要内容及贡献总结如下。第一,现有研究尚处于安全压力源构念的提出阶段,缺乏针对安全压力源的分类学研究。针对上述缺陷,本文确定了安全压力源的构成并采用基于熵权法改进的决策实验室分析法与解释结构模型法分析了安全压力源的传导模式。该集成方法达到了主客观评价的有效结合,多级递阶层次结构模型揭示了安全压力源的相互影响关系链,即“安全角色模糊→安全角色冲突/安全角色超载/安全认知要求→人际安全冲突→工作不安全感”。进一步地,本文拓展了安全压力源的分类学研究,从角色和关系视角确定了安全压力源的主要构成。其中,角色型安全压力源包括“安全角色模糊”和“安全角色冲突”,关系型安全压力源为“人际安全冲突”。最后,本文修订了Sampson等开发的安全压力源量表并检验了该量表在我国建筑情境下的测量信效度,为建筑企业安全压力源的评估与管控提供了理论依据和测度标准。第二,现有研究大多将安全公民行为视为整体变量,针对安全公民行为的法理学网络研究尚处于概念阶段,关于团队层面的安全压力源对员工安全公民行为的影响模式仍不明确。针对上述缺陷,一方面,本文基于工作要求—资源模型和社会交换理论,建立了不同属性的安全压力源对主动安全行为和亲社会安全行为的主效应及边界条件模型。研究发现,角色型安全压力源对主动安全行为的影响更强,而关系型安全压力源对亲社会安全行为的影响更强。建筑工人对直接上级的认知安全信任能够调节角色型安全压力源对主动安全行为的影响,其对直接上级的情感安全信任能够调节关系型安全压力源对亲社会安全行为的影响。本文拓展了工作要求—资源模型,揭示了安全压力源对主动安全行为和亲社会安全行为影响的差异性,深化了“安全公民行为”的法理学网络研究。另一方面,本文构建了建筑工人安全压力源对安全公民行为的跨层次影响模型,即“安全压力源—安全角色导向—安全公民行为”模型。研究表明,安全压力源会抑制建筑工人的“安全角色导向”进而削弱其安全公民行为。本文丰富了安全公民行为理论模型,从认知视角明确了“安全角色导向”的中介作用,揭示了安全压力源对建筑工人安全公民行为的影响机理。最后,本文从复杂系统视角出发,整合情境因素和个体因素,建立了安全压力源、安全角色导向、安全信任对建筑工人安全公民行为的联动作用模型,并采用模糊集定性比较分析方法系统地分析了安全公民行为的驱动机制。结果表明,主动安全行为与亲社会安全行为的条件构型包含了情境因素和个体因素的多种组合形式。本文从复杂系统视角揭示了建筑工人安全公民行为的驱动机制,即环境因素与个体因素、认知层面与情感层面因素对安全公民行为的联动作用。基于复杂系统视角的联动作用模型支持并补充了实证研究结论,有利于建筑企业对员工安全公民行为的精细化管理。管理者应营造积极的工作环境,精细化工作设计,清晰工作界面,加强员工归属感、安全责任感等方面的培养,从而提升工作场所的整体安全水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 The construction industry is one of the high-risk industries.Its workplace is rife with work stressors.Due to the uncertainty and complexity of the construction process,safety accidents occur frequently.To reduce the incidence of workplace accidents,academics and managers in the construction industry are increasingly emphasizing the importance of construction workers’ safety citizenship behavior(SCB)in ensuring project safety.SCB is a kind of safety behavior,and it goes beyond safety compliance.SCB aims to support the overall safety of the workplace.Although existing research emphasizes the role of work stressors in workplace safety,the components of construction workers’ safety stressors and the way by which they affect construction workers’ SCB remains unclear.Building upon job demands-resources(JD-R)model,this dissertation(1)identifies the components of safety stressors that construction workers experienced and analyzes the transmission pattern of them,(2)develops a mediation process of safety stressors affecting construction workers’ SCB and explores the boundary condition,and(3)determines the linkage mode of situation-and individual-level factors on shaping SCB.The main content and contributions of this dissertation are as follows.First,existing research has proposed the importance of safety stressors;however,there is a lack of nomological research on safety stressors.Based on exploratory qualitative analysis and empirical research,this dissertation determines the components of safety stressors and analyzes their transmission pattern.An integrated method of decision-making trail and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)and interpretive structural modelling(ISM)is improved by the entropy method.The integrated method achieves an effective combination of subjective and objective evaluation.The multilevel hierarchical structure model reveals the critical transmission path of safety stressors,namely “safety role ambiguity→safety role conflict/safety role overload/safety cognition demands→interpersonal safety conflict→job insecurity”.Furthermore,from the perspective of role and relation,role-related safety stressors include safety role ambiguity and safety role conflict,and relation-related safety stressors include interpersonal safety conflict.The safety stressors scale developed by Sampson and colleagues is modified and examined by an empirical study.The scale provides a theoretical basis and measurement standards for the assessment and management of safety stressors of construction companies.Second,previous studies have mostly considered SCB as a general construct,the nomological network of SCB and the influence of team-level safety stressors on construction workers’ SCB are unclear.Employing job demands-resources(JD-R)model,this dissertation develops a model that includes the relationship between safety stressors and two SCBs,i.e.proactive and prosocial safety behaviors,as well as the moderating effects of cognition-and affect-based safety trust on the relationships.The empirical results show that role-related safety stressors have a stronger impact on proactive safety behavior,while relation-related safety stressors have a stronger effect on prosocial safety behavior.In addition,construction workers’ cognition-based safety trust in their safety supervisor moderates the relationship between role-related safety stressors and proactive safety behavior.Construction workers’ affect-based safety trust in their safety supervisor regulates the relationship between relation-related safety stressors,i.e.interpersonal safety conflict and prosocial safety behavior.The findings extend the JD-R model and reveal the heterogeneity of proactive safety behavior and prosocial safety behavior.Furthermore,building upon the JD-R model,this dissertation constructs a cross-level model between safety stressors and SCB of construction workers,that is,the “safety stressors—safety-role orientation—SCB” model.The empirical results show that safety stressors hinder construction workers’ SCB through reducing their safety-role orientation.The finding enriches the theoretical model of SCB in hindrance situations.In addition,the finding reveals the influence mechanism of safety stressors on construction workers’ SCB.It also clarifies the role of the safetyrole orientation in the relationship between safety stressors and SCB from a cognitive perspective.Finally,this dissertation establishes an SCB driving model that integrates situational factors and individual factors from the perspective of complex systems.The fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fs QCA)method is used to systematically analyze the interactive effects of safety stressors,safety-role orientation and safety trust on construction workers’ SCB.The results show that there is a variety of configurations of proactive safety behavior and prosocial safety behavior.The interactive-effect model constructed in this dissertation reveals the forming mechanism of construction workers’ SCB.The model supports and extends the empirical research,which is conducive to the refined and integrated management of construction workers’ SCB.Managers should create a positive work environment,specify work design,clarify work interface,and strengthen the training of construction workers’ sense of commitment and safety responsibility,to improve workplace safety.更多还原