【作者】 刘新；

【导师】 张庆河；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 港口、海岸及近海工程， 2018， 博士

【摘要】 山区河流航道大多是枢纽渠化航道,枢纽调度影响下变动回水区或脱水段航道由于电站调节水位变幅大,通航条件差,而成为研究的焦点。这类航道既有变动回水区航道碍航“线”的问题,又有枢纽过船设施口门区连接段航道“点”的问题。本文针对具有代表性的长江大型支流乌江在枢纽调度影响下的航道整治及通航问题开展研究。主要内容及结论如下:(1)进行了内河航道整治线宽度确定方法研究。改变以往理论均需假定工程前后相同参数取值不变带来的问题,从河流水流运动、泥沙运动以及河床形态机理出发,通过理论研究和推导,提出了同时适用于持续冲刷和输沙平衡两种状态下的航道整治线宽度确定新方法,并利用相关资料进行验证,结果表明本方法确定的整治线具有良好工程效果。(2)利用基于河道非恒定流数学模型与船舶运动数学模型的耦合模型为理论基础的船舶仿真模拟方法,进行枢纽调度影响下1000t级航道建设方案论证和研究。根据本文提出的航道整治线确定方法,明确航道整治线宽度,进而确定航道整治初步方案,通过二维非恒定流数学模型对枢纽日调节影响下1000t级航道建设初步方案水动力条件及变化规律进行研究,而后创新性提出河道非恒定流数学模型与船舶运动数学模型耦合的船舶仿真模拟理论和模拟方法,进行河道非恒定流作用下船舶操纵模拟试验,提出船舶在变动回水区复杂航区航行规则。(3)三维流动非静压数值模型构建和验证。采用三角形和四边形相结合的混合网格离散平面计算域,为了减少垂向分层数,构造了三阶精度的表层压力处理模式,采用有限体积法和半隐式分步法建立了具有复杂边界适应性的高分辨率、守恒和高效的半隐式三维非静压数学模型。通过丁坝周边三维流动、航道三维流动以及实际算例,验证了该数学模型在模拟复杂边界条件下强三维流动特性的水流运动问题具有较高的计算精度、计算效率和可靠性。(4)乌江思林枢纽口门区航道整治应用研究以及口门区整治新型导流墩结构开发。利用本文新构建的三维非静压数值模型数学模型进行乌江思林枢纽下游滩段计算,确定口门区位置,并对口门区设计方案进行研究,针对工程布局存在问题和工程实施问题,发明了具有自主知识产权的新型导流墩结构,通过三维水流结构计算优化,提出了满足工程建设的口门区整治方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Most of the rivers in the mountainous area are the pivotal canalized channel.In the course of the hub scheduling,the fluctuating backwater zone or the dehydration section channel becomes the focus of the study because of the large amplitude of water level regulation and poor navigation conditions.This kind of channel has not only the problem of "line",but also the problem of the "point" of the connecting section in the junction area.In this paper,on the basis of Wujiang river which is representative tributary of the Yangtze River,the study of waterway regulation and navigation problem under the influence of hub operation is commenced.The main contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)The study on method for determining width of regulation line of inland waterway is conducted.Instead of the previous theory which need to assume the same parameters before and after the project in order to avoid relevant problem,Based on the study of river water movement,sediment movement and river bed morphology,a new method for determining the width of two kinds of waterway regulation lines is proposed under the condition of continuous scouring and sediment transport through theoretical analysis and deduction.(2)For the first time,the ship simulation method which is based on the coupling model of river unsteady flow mathematical model and ship motion mathematical model is used to demonstrate and study the construction scheme of 1000 t class channel under the influence of hub scheduling.According to the proposed method of determining the channel regulation line in this paper,the width of the channel regulation line is clarified,and the preliminary waterway regulation scheme is determined.The hydrodynamic conditions and their changing rules of construction scheme of 1000 t class channel under the influence of the adjustment of the hub day is proposed by two-dimensional unsteady flow mathematical.Then,the ship simulation theory and test method are proposed,which are coupled with two-dimensional unsteady flow mathematical and the mathematical model of ship motion.The ship maneuver simulation experiment is carried out in response to unsteady flow.As a result,Navigation rules are proposed.(3)A semi-implicit non-hydrostatic numerical model for 3-D water flow is developed and verified.A mixed triangle and quadrangle horizontal grids is used to discretize the projection on horizontal plane of 3D physical domain.A third-order pressure approximation of the top-layer is proposed to minimize the number of vertical layers and subsequently the computational cost.A conservative and efficient three-dimensional non-hydrostatic numerical model is constructed by using the finite volume method and semi-implicit fractical step scheme based on the mixed triangle and quadrangle horizontal grids,the results show that the model has good accuracy and reliability by means of three dimensional linear standing wave,free oscillation of water surface,three dimensional flow of the channel and the practical example.(4)Study on the application of waterway regulation and the development of new diversion pier structure in the mouth area of Silin Hydropower Station in Wujiang River.Based on the newly constructed three-dimensional non-hydrostatic numerical model,the calculation of the lower reaches of the Wujiang Silin hub was carried out to determine the location of the mouth area,and the design scheme of the mouth area was studied.Focusing on the problems of engineering layout and the problem of engineering implementation,a new type of diversion pier structure with independent intellectual property rights is designed.Through the calculation and optimization,the improvement scheme of the mouth area is put forward to meet the demand of project construction.更多还原