节点文献
现实主义美术在20世纪中国的本土化进程研究
【作者】 张坤；
【导师】 冯民生；
【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 艺术文化史， 2021， 博士
【摘要】 作为一种文艺创作方法,现实主义源远流长,但作为一种美术思潮、表现手法而明确出现却是在19世纪中期的法国。20世纪初现实主义美术思潮与表现手法被引入中国,一经与中国的社会现实和文化需求发生联系后,开启了它在中国的本土化进程。在一代代中国美术人的不懈努力下,现实主义美术逐渐实现了与中国本土文化的融合,并积极参与到现当代中国时代变革中,推进了中国社会和中国现代美术的发展,成为中国现代美术的主要创作方法和风格特征。本文拟在前人研究的基础上,以现当代现实主义美术在20世纪中国百年本土化进程为研究对象,以现当代重大社会变革事件和美术发展的历史语境为切入点,深入、系统地梳理,探讨现实主义美术在中国的观念变化和不同时段现实主义美术发展的特点以及与美术创作的关系,对其本土化的特征和发展规律加以揭示,进而为当代现实美术的发展提供理论依据和可资借鉴的经验。文章正文共分为六个部分。第一章以现实主义美术写实手法的引入与传播发展为要点,从“美术革命”的产生与“写实”观念的兴起,科学“写生”方法的引入入手,对“写生”方法在彼时的发展和写实主义美术的艺术实践几个方面加以论述。第二章主要以抗日战争和民族救亡为背景,全面系统地对抗战时期的现实主义美术进行考察分析,主要论述抗战时期现实主义美术内涵与外延的拓展,创作题材、艺术手法等方面的探索与实践,以及现实主义美术在中国如何扎根、创新与发展。第三章对新中国成立初期全面学习苏联背景下的现实主义美术状况和特征的发展进行研究,全面、系统分析苏联社会主义现实主义美术创作模式的引入,歌颂与赞美表现手法的选择,新中国成立、建设与发展的美术记录,以及民族革命历史的追溯,对促进新中国现实主义美术迅速成长的几个方面加以论述。第四章对新中国社会主义现实主义美术的民族化探索之路展开探究,从新文艺方针的提出、中国现实主义美术民族风格的探索、革命现实主义与革命浪漫主义相结合创作方法的提出,及其民族化艺术实践几个方面对现实主义美术在中国的民族化探索、发展之路进行了深入分析以研究。第五章着重对改革开放之后现实主义美术的新发展作了阐述,分析了新时期文艺创作需求下现实主义美术在绘画题材与表现手法等方面的多样化发展,探索全新历史语境中现实主义美术的本质特点。第六章对20世纪中国现实主义美术本土化过程中的基本特征进行概括总结,从时代性、政治性、大众化、民族化、科学化几个方面进行深入分析,以此揭示中国美术百年发展历程中现实主义美术的内在规律与本质特征。本文对现实主义美术在中国整个20世纪的发展进行贯通性的把握,全面细致地考察其在彼时中国社会不同阶段发展的动因、倾向、内容、特质等重要因素。历史地看,现实主义美术在中国的本土化发展是于不断向外学习与民族化发展的过程中推进的,是现当代中西美术文化交流、融合、与创新发展所取得的重要成果,更是一代代中国文艺工作者马克思主义文艺思想中国化不懈探索的伟大成果之一。
【Abstract】 As an approach of literary and artistic creation,realism has a long history,but as a trend of thought and expression of art,it clearly came into being in France in the middle of the 19 th century.When realistic art trend of thought and expression techniques were brought into China and was connected with China’s social reality and cultural needs at the beginning of the 20 th century,it started its localization process in China.At that time it began to take root,to sprout on this ancient land in China.With a generation of Chinese artists’ unremitting efforts,the realistic art gradually realized the fusion with Chinese native culture,and actively involved in the changes in the contemporary era of China,to promote the development of Chinese society and Chinese modern art.It has developed by leaps and bounds and become an important part of the socialist spiritual and cultural edifice in the new era.On the basis of previous studies,this paper takes the centurial localization process of modern and contemporary realistic art in China in the 20 th century as the research object,takes the major events of modern and contemporary social changes and the historical context of art development as the breakthrough point,to make an in-depth and systematic analysis on the topic.The article discusses the conceptual changes of realistic art and the characteristics of realistic art in different periods as well as its relationship with art creation in development,reveals its localization characteristics and developing method,and then provides historical reference for the further development of contemporary realistic art in China.The article is divided into six parts.The first chapter discusses the development of "sketching" method at that time and the artistic practice of realistic art by focusing on the introduction and communication development of realistic art techniques,from the emergence of "art revolution" and the rise of "realistic" concept and the introduction of scientific "sketching" method.Under the backdrop of Anti-Japanese War and the National Salvation Movement,the second chapter comprehensively systematically investigates and analyzes the realistic art,its connotation and denotation expansion during the Anti-Japanese War,the subject matter and artistic techniques of exploration and practice,and its rooting,innovation and development in China.The third chapter talks about the research of the development of realistic art at the early time of the founding of new China,under the comprehensive study of the Soviet union.With a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the introduction of the Soviet socialist realism art creation mode,by the choice of the technique of expression in eulogy,with the record of the founding of new China,the construction and development of art,as well as tracing back of the national revolution history,this part makes a discussion on the aspects of the promotion on the rapid growth of the realistic art in new China.The fourth chapter studies the nationalization of the socialist realistic art of New China,which conducts an in-depth analysis and research on the proposal of the new literary and art policy,the exploration of the style of Chinese realistic art,the proposal of the creative combination of revolutionary realism and romanticism,and its nationalization and its development in China.The fifth chapter underlines the new development of realistic art after the Reform and Opening-up in China.It analyzes the diversified development of realistic art in painting themes and expression techniques under the demand of literary and artistic creation in the new period,and explores the essential characteristics of realistic art in the new historical context.The sixth chapter summarizes the basic characteristics of the localization of Chinese realistic art in the20 th century,and makes an in-depth analysis from the aspects of times,politics,popularity,nationalization and scientization,so as to find the inherent laws and essential characteristics of realistic art in the course of Chinese art in a century in China.This paper makes a penetrating grasp of the development of realistic art in China throughout the 20 th century,a comprehensive and detailed study on the different stages of development in the society when important factors such as motivation,orientation,content,characteristics,Historically,the localization development of realistic art in China is promoted in the process of continuous learning and nationalization development.It is not only an important achievement in the exchange,integration,innovation and development of modern and contemporary Chinese and Western art culture,but also one of the great achievements of the unremittingly exploration of the localization of Marxist literary and artistic thought by generations of Chinese literary and art workers.