【作者】 吴翔；

【导师】 刘文龙；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 信号与信息处理， 2021， 博士

【摘要】 人内耳前庭半规管具有感知头部角运动的功能,它依赖于内淋巴液与嵴顶流固耦合的生物力学机制,并通过机电传导过程产生非自主性的眼震来维持视觉的稳定和身体的平衡。当前庭半规管结构和功能出现异常时就会引发相关的前庭性疾病,给人们的日常生活和工作造成严重的困扰。然而前庭半规管结构复杂,深埋内耳,解剖测量困难,嵴顶平衡感受器脱离相关的内环境后会破坏原有的结构和物理属性,导致前庭半规管的功能机制尚不能完全明确,严重阻碍了临床上相关前庭性疾病有效治疗方法的研究。为了更加深入地研究前庭半规管的功能机制,本文将医学、力学和信息学等学科进行深度交叉,充分发挥交叉学科的优势,以前庭眼反射的生理学为基础,建立人内耳前庭半规管生物力学数值模型,基于信息学中图像处理的方法获取旋转椅实验中志愿者的眼震特征。将前庭半规管数值模型中的嵴顶生物力学响应与旋转椅实验中志愿者的眼震特征相结合,并建立两者之间的联系,共同促进了前庭半规管结构和功能之间辩证关系的研究,为临床研究前庭平衡功能以及诊断和治疗前庭性相关疾病提供了可靠的数值依据。本文具体进行了以下四个方面的创新性工作:(1)人内耳前庭半规管数值模型的建立以及实验验证。基于采用了人内耳前庭系统解剖参数构建的前庭半规管几何模型,建立了包含壶腹嵴结构的人内耳前庭半规管数值计算模型,数值模拟了前庭半规管在感知头部角运动过程中的生物力学响应。建立了旋转椅实验平台,通过图像处理的方法获取志愿者在实验中产生的眼震特征。根据前庭眼反射原理,将前庭半规管中的嵴顶生物力学响应与志愿者的眼震特征相结合,定量分析了人内耳前庭半规管感知角运动的生物力学机制,并通过数值模型和实验分别获取了反映前庭半规管动力学机制的嵴顶时间常数,实验验证了人内耳前庭半规管数值模型的可靠性。(2)人内耳前庭半规管中嵴顶生物力学响应与志愿者眼震特征之间定量关系的建立。根据己经建立的人内耳前庭半规管数值模型,数值模拟了不同恒定角加速度刺激下人内耳前庭半规管中的生物力学响应,并通过旋转椅实验获取了志愿者在不同恒定角加速度刺激下产生的眼震特征,建立了人内耳前庭半规管中嵴顶生物力学响应与志愿者眼震特征的定量关系,为前庭半规管功能机制的研究提供了基本依据。(3)不同空间方位下人内耳前庭半规管中生物力学响应与眼震特征的研究。根据已经建立的人内耳前庭半规管数值模型,数值模拟了头部在不同转动半径下人内耳前庭半规管中的生物力学响应,并通过旋转椅实验获取了头部在不同转动半径下志愿者的眼震特征;数值模拟了头部在不同倾角下人内耳前庭半规管中的生物力学响应,通过旋转椅实验获取了对应不同头部倾角下志愿者的眼震特征。从前庭半规管生物力学机制的角度,理论阐释了不同空间方位下影响各个半规管兴奋或抑制状态的原因及其联合作用对人前庭眼反射功能响应的影响,为临床评估前庭半规管功能提供了可靠的数值依据。(4)不同温度下人内耳前庭半规管嵴顶生物力学属性的研究及其在缓解运动病中的应用。首先,通过旋转椅实验获取了前庭半规管在不同温度下志愿者产生的眼震特征。其次,数值模拟并分析排除了前庭半规管降温后内淋巴液属性变化对嵴顶生物力学响应的影响。根据降温对眼震特征的影响以及嵴顶生物力学响应与眼震特征之间的定量关系,进而确定对前庭半规管降温能够起到提高嵴顶弹性模量的作用。基于这一结论,将其应用于运动病的缓解中。最后,通过行车实验比较前庭半规管在不同温度下志愿者首次出现晕车症状的时间,验证了对人内耳前庭半规管降温能够有效地缓解运动病。更多还原

【Abstract】 The vestibular semicircular canals in the inner ear can has the function of sensing angular movement of the head,which depends on the biomechanical mechanism of interplay between the endolymph fluid and cupula,and produces involuntary eye movement through the processes of mechano-electrical transduction to maintain the visual stability and body balance.The malfunction of semicircular canals results in vestibular diseases that seriously disrupts the individual’s daily life and work.However,semicircular canals are the complex structure buried deeply in the inner ear,which is difficult to dissect for measurement.The original structure and physical properties of the balance receptors of cupulae in the semicircular canals will be destroy if they are separated from the relevant internal environment,resulting in the functional mechanism of the semicircular canals still remain ambiguous,which seriously hinders the clinical research on the effective treatment for vestibular diseases.To further research the functional mechanism of semicircular canals in this thesis,mechanics and informatics were deeply intersected to fully exhibit the advantages of interdisciplinary.Based on the physiology of vestibule-ocular reflex,a numerical model of vestibular semicircular canals in biomechanics was established,and volunteers’ nystagmus characteristic in rotating chair experiment was obtained by the method of image processing in informatics.The biomechanical responses of cupula in numerical model of semicircular canals and volunteers’ nystagmus characteristic in rotating chair experiment were combined to find their quantitative relationship,which promoted the study of dialectical relationship between the structure and function in semicircular canals,and provided a reliable numerical basis for the clinical research on vestibular balance function and the diagnosis and treatment in vestibular diseases.The innovative work in this thesis includes the following four aspects:(1)Establishment and experimental verification for a numerical model of semicircular canals in human inner ear.Based on a geometrical model of semicircular canals constructed with anatomical parameters of vestibular system in the human inner ear,a numerical model of semicircular canals including structure of crest was established to simulate the biomechanical responses in semicircular canals for sensing angular movement of the head.Besides,a platform of rotating chair experiment was established,and the nystagmus characteristic of volunteers in the experiment were obtained by image processing.According to the principle of vestibuleocular reflex,the biomechanical responses of cupula in numerical model of semicircular canals and volunteers’ nystagmus characteristic in rotating chair experiment were combined to quantitatively analyze the biomechanical mechanism in semicircular canals for sensing angular movement of the head.Meanwhile,the cupula time constant that reflected the dynamic mechanism in the semicircular canals was obtained by numerical model and experiment respectively,which was used to verify the reliability of the numerical model.(2)The quantitative relationship between the biomechanical responses of cupula and volunteers’ nystagmus characteristic was established.Based on the constructed numerical model of semicircular canals,the biomechanical responses in semicircular canals was simulated numerically under different constant angular acceleration.Besides,the volunteers’ nystagmus characteristic under different constant angular acceleration was obtained by rotating chair experiment.Then,the quantitative relationship between the biomechanical responses of cupula and volunteers’ nystagmus characteristic was established,which provided a basical basis for studying the functional mechanism of semicircular canals.(3)The biomechanical responses in semicircular canals and nystagmus characteristic under different spatial orientations were studied.Based on the constructed numerical model of semicircular canals,the biomechanical responses in semicircular canals under different rotation radii were simulated numerically.The volunteers’ nystagmus characteristic under different rotation radii was obtained experimentally.Simultaneously,the biomechanical responses in semicircular canals under different leaning angles of the head were simulated and the nystagmus characteristic at the corresponding head positions was also obtained.From the perspective of biomechanics in semicircular canals,the reasons of the each semicircular canal’s excitation or inhibition under different spatial orientations and the combined effects on the responses of vestibule-ocular reflex in human were theoretically explained,which provided a reliable numerical basis for evaluating clinical function of semicircular canals.(4)Biomechanical responses of cupula in semicircular canals under different temperature and its application on the alleviation of motion sickness were studied.Firstly,volunteers’nystagmus characteristic under different temperature was obtained experimentally.Secondly,the influence of the variation in endolymphatic properties on the biomechanical responses of cupula was excluded by numerical simulation and analysis.According to the effects of reducing temperature on nystagmus characteristic and quantitative relationship between the biomechanical responses of cupula and nystagmus characteristic,it was determined that reducing temperature of semicircular canals could increase the elastic modulus of cupula.Based on this conclusion,it was applied to the alleviation of motion sickness.Finally,volunteers’motion sickness onset time under different temperature in semicircular canals was compared by vehicle experiment,verifying that reducing the temperature of semicircular canals could effectively alleviate motion sickness.更多还原