【作者】 李颖；

【导师】 柴素芳；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2021， 博士

【摘要】 就业观是人们关于就业及其相关问题的根本看法和根本观点,对个人就业选择和成长成才有着重要影响,科学理性的就业观能够有效缓解当前较为突出的就业结构性矛盾。党和国家一直把大学生视为党和人民事业发展的生力军和主力军,始终支持大学生积极投身社会主义建设和改革开放的伟大实践,鼓励大学生在实现民族复兴的进程中实现自己的就业梦想和人生价值。中国特色社会主义进入新时代,习近平总书记从实现伟大复兴中国梦的战略高度出发,基于中国特色社会主义现代化建设的战略部署,对大学生就业提出了“把个人的理想追求融入党和国家事业之中,为党为祖国为人民多作贡献”的要求,为大学生就业选择指明了方向。因此,研究新时代大学生就业观既能够回应当前就业难的社会现实需求,又能促进每个大学生形成与时代发展、国家需要、社会需求相统一的科学理性就业观,也能为高校有效提升大学生就业观教育的力度、广度和深度提供理论支持。大学生就业观的变化是社会发展的“晴雨表”,不同历史时期大学生就业观折射出时代的变迁,把握就业观发展历程有助于理解新时代大学生就业观的生成逻辑。故此,以经济发展阶段和就业制度变革为划分依据,对新中国成立以来大学生就业观进行阶段性历史考察,并从“不变”与“变化”两个维度辩证统一地把握其演进特征。只有把握大学生就业观演进中的“不变”规律,同时又对大学生就业观演进中的“变化”保持客观分析,在“不变”中把握“变化”,在对“变化”的理解中深化对“不变”的认识。大学生就业观的形成与时代背景和社会环境密不可分。中国特色社会主义进入新时代,这个“新”不仅代表着社会发展进入一个新的历史阶段,还预示着崭新的发展机遇。新时代大学生就业形势一直在悄然变化,就业供需矛盾、就业结构失衡、就业准备不足三个“旧”问题始终存在,就业方式灵活化、自主创业多元化、就业形态个性化、就业关系平台化四个“新”趋势不断发展,就业难“旧”问题与就业发展“新”趋势同时并存。就业“新”趋势是基于新时代、根据“旧”问题提出的新办法和新方案,“新”趋势并不是凭空而来的,是对“旧”问题的探索和解决。新时代就业难“旧”问题的解决,要求大学生必须顺应新时代发展“新”趋势,转变思维、解放思想、大胆革新,形成符合新时代变化、发展和需求的科学理性就业观。对新时代大学生就业观的实证研究要以开放性、动态性、历史性、综合性的眼光进行现实审视,通过全面深入的调查研究掌握大学生就业的客观情况和思想动态。基于全国37所不同层次高校6171份调研问卷和30份个体访谈,描绘出新时代大学生就业观较为客观、真实的现状图景,并在此基础上进行差异研究,揭示出个体、家庭、学校三个维度在何种程度、何种向度上影响着就业观的形成,为新时代大学生科学理性就业观的构建提供现实依据。新时代大学生就业观培育是一项系统工程,需要从供给侧和需求侧两端发力。对教育个体而言,新时代大学生科学理性就业观的形成需要通过思想政治教育引导大学生把握“时”与“进”“势”与“新”“事”与“化”的辩证关系,与时俱进、转化思想认识。对教育环境而言,新时代大学生科学理性就业观的培育需要充分发挥社会主义核心价值观的引领作用、形成政府、社会、高校和家庭“四位一体”的育人场域、在教育中处理好“普遍”与“特殊”“激励”与“约束”“显性”与“隐性”的关系,将大学生历练为想国家之所想、急国家之所急、应国家之所需的时代新人。更多还原

【Abstract】 Employment view is the fundamental view on employment and its related issues.It has an important impact on employment choices and personal growth.A scientific and rational employment view plays an important role in promoting employment.A scientific and rational view on employment can effectively alleviate the current structural contradictions in employment.College students are a new force in national development.The Party and the government have always regarded them as the new and main force in the national development.They have always supported them in actively participating in the great practice of socialist construction and reform and opening-up,and encouraged them to achieve national rejuvenation,so as to realize their dreams of employment and life value.Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era.Starting from the strategic height of realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation,and based on the strategic deployment of the modernization of socialism with Chinese characteristics,General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed “integrating personal ideals and pursuits into the cause of the Party and the country,and make more contributions to the motherland and the people”.This has pointed out the direction of employment for college students.Therefore,the study on the employment view of college students in the new era can not only tackle with the current employment difficulties,but also help college students to form a scientific and rational employment view that is unified with the needs of the times,the nation,and the society.It can also provide theoretical support for the education of employment view among college students.The change of the employment view of college students is a “barometer” of social development.Their employment view in different periods reflects the changes of the times.Grasping the development process of the employment view is helpful to understand its generation logic in the new era.Therefore,based on the division of economic development stages and employment system reform,a periodical historical examination of the employment view of college students since the founding of New China is carried out.Its evolutionary characteristics are explored from the two dimensions of “unchanged” and “changed”.By grasping the “unchanged”,while maintaining an objective analysis of the “changes” in the evolution of college graduates’ employment view,the study aims to explore the “changes” in the “unchanging”,and investigates the “unchanging” in the “changes”.The formation of the employment view is inseparable from the background of the times and the social environment.Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era.This “new” not only represents a new historical stage in social development,but also indicates brand new development opportunities.The employment situation of college students in the new era has been changing all the time.The three “old” problems,namely employment supply and demand contradiction,employment structure imbalance,and insufficient employment preparations,always exist.There are also four “new” trends,namely flexible employment methods,diversified self-employment,personalized employment forms,and platform-oriented employment channels.The “old” problem of employment difficulties coexists with the “new” trends of employment.The “new” trends are new methods based on the new era,and intend to address the “old” problems.The “new” trends are explorations and solutions to the “old” problems.The solutions to the “old” problem require college students to adapt to the “new” trends in the new era,change their thinking,emancipate their minds,make bold innovations,and build a scientific and rational employment view that meets the changes and needs of the new era.The employment view of college students in the new era should be realistically examined from an open,dynamic,historical,and comprehensive perspective.The objective situation and ideological trends of college students’ employment should be grasped through comprehensive and in-depth investigation and research.Through 6,171 questionnaires and 30 individual interviews in 37 universities across the country,the current situation of the employment view of college students in the new era is depicted objectively and comprehensively.On this basis,the researcher conducts a different study to reveal how and to what extent the three dimensions of individual,family,and school affect the formation of the employment view,and provide a realistic basis for the construction of a scientific and rational view on employment for college students in the new era.The employment view education for college students in the new era is a systematic project that requires efforts from both the supply side and the demand side.For educators,the construction of a scientific and rational employment view for college students in the new era requires that the ideological and political education should guide college students to grasp the dialectical relationship between “time” and “advance”,“trend” and “new”,“things” and“change”.As the time advances,we should transform the mindset,and form a socialist employment view with Chinese characteristics in which the realization of personal value is linked to the needs of the country,free and comprehensive development is linked to social needs,and the pursuit of a better life is linked to hard work.As far as the educational environment is concerned,the construction of a scientific and rational employment view for college students in the new era requires the joint efforts and coordination of the whole country to give full play to the educational functions of the government,society,colleges,and families,and construct a “four-in-one” education field.We should handle the relationship between“universal” and “special”,“incentives” and “constraints”,“dominant” and “recessive” in employment education,and train college students into a new generation who think about the nation’s future,solve the nation’s worries,and meet the nation’s needs.更多还原