【作者】 刘佳；

【导师】 林聚任；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 社会保障， 2021， 博士

【摘要】 本研究基于以下两个基本社会现象:一是城镇化的加速带来了中国城乡社会空间的急剧变化,城乡原有的空间不断被打破,新的空间形式开始出现,新城区作为一种新生的空间,成为外来人口流动的新选择;二是新城区社会空间关系的重组带来了福利结构和关系的变化,本地居民和外来人口的社会福利二元分化现象显著。外来人口流入新城区,使得他们与本地居民在社会福利领域充满了利益的争夺和观念的冲突,从而影响到本外居民社会福利发展。可见,社会空间与社会福利相互交织,二者之间的关系日益密切,基于社会空间转型的新城区社会福利研究成为一个值得关注的学术问题。新城区是“乡村-城市”转型中的典型新生城市空间,是对社会空间转型视角下的本地居民和外来人口社会福利研究的最佳切入点。本文着眼于城镇化过程中,集体经济实力雄厚、集体主义福利传统悠久、既没有完全褪去农村社区特点、又带有城市社区概貌的一类新城区。通过对案例新城区的社会空间转型和社会福利实践的实证研究,运用社会空间分析视角,描述新城区社会空间转型前后,各自对应的社会福利结构和特征,重点阐述了新城区转型后本外居民福利二元区隔的空间化格局及其具体表现,并解释这种福利二元区隔的生成机制,探讨新城区本外居民从福利二元区隔到福利一元融合的解决方案,为完善流动人口社会福利体系、推动城乡(本外)社会福利空间一元融合提供思路。论文将新城区本外居民福利二元问题定位为“新型的福利二元化”,这与一般意义上的福利二元问题是不同的。一般的福利二元主要聚焦于城乡之间的福利二元化,这是基于我国长期以来的城乡分治和二元分割的经济社会结构和制度所造成的。本研究中的“福利二元化”则是一种新型的二元化结构,是在新城区内部基于空间功能转型、空间身份分化和空间共识达成而产生的本地居民与外来人口之间的福利二元,这不仅仅是制度作用下的结果,更是社会空间变迁的产物,并且已经呈现出空间区隔的特征。本外居民在身份、社会保险、集体福利、就业和消费、住房、子女教育、社会关系网络等方面有着极大的差异,二者之间有清晰的福利空间边界,所掌握的福利资源数量和结构极其不平衡,福利分配规则不公正,新城区本外居民的社会福利二元化实质上就是空间不平衡问题。这种新型的二元化将原来城乡之间的空间对峙浓缩到一个城区内部的空间分立,其矛盾冲突更加紧密,严重损害了社会公正,这对正在进行城镇化的新城区的经济社会发展及和谐社会的构建也是十分不利的。论文致力于回答这样几个问题:第一,在新城区社会空间变迁的进程中,其社会福利领域经历了怎样的实践过程和发展阶段?不同时空中,居民间的福利关系是怎样的?本外居民社会福利二元关系在空间上是如何表达的?第二,新城区本外居民福利二元区隔的空间结构的生成机制是怎样的?第三,新城区本外居民福利二元区隔到福利融合的解决思路和具体方案是什么?在本研究中,笔者立足于新城区空间转型的过程,运用社会空间理论和“空间化”的分析框架,将新城区本外居民福利二元问题看成是一个社会空间现象,结合时间维度的社会空间变迁和社会福利实践过程,对于新城区转型前后的福利空间分布格局进行了描述,总结了福利二元问题从制度分割到社会空间区隔的空间化表现和特征,并在此基础上重点从空间边界、空间资源、空间规则等要素对福利二元区隔的生成机制进行深入剖析,最后对福利二元分化到福利一元融合的思路和途径进行了探讨。通过对新城区空间转型过程以及PY镇社会福利实践的深入调查研究,本文得出了这样的结论:第一,新城区本外居民的社会福利二元问题已经由制度分割转变为涉及空间边界、资源和规则的社会空间区隔问题,体现了福利空间的不平衡。新城区社会福利问题的空间化转向,为深入研究新城区本外居民福利二元问题提供了新的思路。第二,在新城区社会空间转型中的空间功能、空间身份和空间共识的整合作用下,其社会福利空间的边界、资源和规则要素发生了改变,从而生成了新城区本外居民社会福利二元区隔的空间结构。第三,新城区社会福利结构与新城区社会空间关系有着密切关系,不同的社会空间关系下,福利空间的分布格局也是不同的。新城区在“乡村-城市”的转型过程中,福利领域呈现出本地居民“福利共享”、本外居民“福利二元区隔”的空间发展阶段。第四,新城区本外居民福利二元空间区隔的问题,是可以通过空间边界的开放和消融、空间资源的合理配置和有效建设、空间规则的调整得以解决的,最终实现本外居民的社会福利一元化。本文的主要创新点在于:第一,区别于传统的制度主义视角,将新城区本外居民社会福利问题空间化,从社会空间视角探讨新型福利二元问题,比已有视角更具有张力;第二,构建“空间化”的分析框架,将时间和社会空间要素引入到社会福利实践的研究中,实现时间维度的社会空间变迁、福利实践过程与空间维度的福利空间分布的有机结合;第三,通过社会空间变迁中的空间功能、空间身份和空间共识三要素对福利空间中的边界、资源和规则三要素的作用分析,对本外居民福利二元区隔的生成机制进行阐释。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation is mainly based on the following two social phenomenon:first,the acceleration of urbanization has brought us great changes in urban and rural social space in China.The original space in urban and rural areas has been constantly broken.New forms of space have begun to appear.As a new space,the new urban district has become a new choice for the flow of migrant population;Second,the reorganization of social spatial relations in the new urban district has brought about changes in welfare structure and relations.The binary difference of social welfare between locals and migrants in new urban district is significant.The inflow of migrants into the new urban district makes them and local residents full of interest competition and concept conflict in the field of social welfare,which affects the development of social welfare of locals and migrants.It can be seen that social space and social welfare are intertwined,and the relationship between them is becoming closer and closer.The research on social welfare in the new urban district based on the transformation of social space has become an academic issue worthy of attention.The new urban district is a typical new urban space in the "Rural-urban"transformation.It is the best entry point for the research on the social welfare of locals and migrants from the perspective of social space transformation.This paper focuses on a kind of new urban district in the process of urbanization,which has strong collective economic strength and long collective welfare tradition,not only does not completely fade the characteristics of rural communities,but also has an overview of urban communities.Through the empirical research on the social space transformation and social welfare production practice of the selected urban district,this paper describes the corresponding social welfare structure and characteristics before and after the social space transformation of the new urban district,expounds the spatial pattern and specific performance of the dual division of welfare between locals and migrants after the transformation of the new urban district,explain the formation mechanism of the binary distinction of welfare between locals and migrants,and discusses the solution from segmentation to cohesion of social welfare relationship between them in the new urban district from the perspective of social space theory.It provides ideas for improving the social welfare system of migrant population and promoting the unitary integration of urban and rural(locals and migrants)social welfare space.In this study,the welfare duality between locals and migrants in new urban district is defined as "new welfare dualism",which is different from the general welfare duality.The general welfare dualization mainly focuses on the welfare duality between urban and rural areas,which is caused by the long-term economic and social structure of urban-rural division and dual division.The welfare dualization in this study is a new dualistic structure.It is a welfare dualization problem between locals and migrants in the new urban district generated by spatial function transformation,spatial identity differentiation and spatial consensus within the new district.This is not only the result of system,but also the product of social space change.It has shown the characteristics of spatial division.There are great differences between locals and migrants in terms of registered residence,identity,social security,collective welfare,employment and consumption,housing,children’s education,and social network.There is a clear boundary of welfare space between them.The number and structure of welfare resources are extremely unbalanced,and the rules for welfare distribution are also unfair.The dual social welfare of locals and migrants is essentially a problem of spatial imbalance.The new type of dualization condenses the original spatial confrontation between urban and rural areas into the internal spatial opposition of an urban district,and its conflicts are more intense,which seriously damages social justice,which is also disadvantageous to the economic and social development of new urban districts and the current construction of a harmonious society.The dissertation is devoted to answering the following questions:First,what has practice and progression undergone in the field of social welfare services during the process of social space changes?What is the welfare relationship among the residents across time and space?Second,what is the generative mechanism of locals and migrants’ social welfare dualization in New Urban Districts?Third,what are the solutions and specific proposals of solving the duality of residents welfare from segmentation to integration?In this study,based on the process of space reorganization of the new urban district,the author treats the welfare dualization between locals and migrants in the new urban district as a social space phenomenon from the perspective of social space theory and the analysis framework of"spatialization".Combining the social space reorganization and social welfare practice process in the time dimension,the author describes the spatial distribution of welfare before and after the transformation of the new urban district.This paper summarizes the spatial performance and characteristics of the dualism of welfare from institutional division to social spatial division.On this basis,the author makes an in-depth analysis of the generation mechanism of welfare binary partition in terms of the spatial boundary,spatial resources and spatial rules.Finally,the study discusses the solution from welfare binary difference to welfare integration.Through the in-depth investigation and research on the process of space reorganization of new urban district,especially the social welfare practice of PY Town,the following conclusions are drawn:First,the social welfare duality of locals and migrants has changed from Institutional segmentation to social spatial segmentation involving spatial boundaries,resources and rules,which reflects the imbalance of welfare space.The spatial turn of the social welfare in the new urban district provides a new research idea for the in-deph study of the welfare dualism of locals and migrants in the new urban district.Second,under the integration of spatial functions、spatial identities and spatial consensuses in the social spatial transformation of the new urban district,the boundary、resources and rules elements of social welfare space in the new urban district have been changed,resulting in the spatial structure of dual division of social welfare between locals and migrants in the new urban district.Third,The social welfare performance of the new urban district is closely associated with the social spatial relationship of the new urban district.Under different social spatial relationships,the distribution pattern of welfare space is also different.In the process of "rural-urban" transformation in the new urban district,the welfare field presents a spatial development stage of "welfare sharing" for local residents and "welfare binary separation" between locals and migrants.Fourth,the dual space division of the welfare between locals and migrants in the new urban district can be solved through the opening and melting of the spatial boundary,the rational allocation and effective construction of spatial resources,and the adjustment of spatial rules,so as to finally realize the unification of the social welfare of locals and migrants in the new urban district and promote the process of urbanization.The main innovations of this study are as follows:First,different from the traditional institutional perspective,the social welfare problem of locals and migrants in the new urban district is spatialized,and the new welfare binary issue is explored from the perspective of social space,which has more tension than the existing perspective.Second,the "spatialization" analysis framework is constructed,and time and social space elements are introduced into the research of social welfare practice to realize the organic combination of social space change and welfare practice process in time dimension,welfare spatial distribution in space dimension.Third,through the analysis of the role of the three elements of spatial function,spatial identity and spatial consensus in the social spatial change on the three elements of boundary,resources and rules in the welfare space,this paper explains the generation mechanism of the dual division of residents’ welfare.更多还原