【作者】 赵红梅；

【导师】 李剑锋；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2021， 博士

【摘要】 古直以诗人和学者的双重身份进行文学研究,在古典文学诸多领域均有建树,著述达70余种,以魏晋南朝名家专集的笺注用力最勤、贡献最大。他以昔人注经的方法笺注陶渊明及曹植、阮籍、钟嵘等魏晋名家作品,“求其切合”。其笺注沿波探源,发明用事,给我们理解这一时期的诗文作品提供了新的视角和思路。他对陶渊明的研究贯穿大半生,体察入微,视点独到,代表作《陶靖节诗笺定本》在陶集笺注史上具有重要地位,对现当代陶集注释启发良多。本论文以古直魏晋南朝诗笺代表成果《陶靖节诗笺定本》为考察重点,剖析此笺产生背景,分析古直笺注的风格特点和笺注理念,探讨创新和突破之处,从用典用事用词着手,追源溯流,深入挖掘陶渊明等人诗歌的精神内涵,并进行新的探讨和解读。同时,通过对贡献较大的《曹子建诗笺定本》等著述的具体分析,勾勒出古直魏晋南朝诗笺成就,为推动相关学术发展积累更多成果,提供新的思路。全文包括绪论、五章及结语。第一章分析《陶靖节诗笺定本》的写作背景。古直的学习研究经历、对陶渊明的学习及陶学研究基础是影响《陶靖节诗笺定本》的重要因素,构成了《陶靖节诗笺定本》的写作背景。古直少年时期接受传统诗文教育,打下坚实的古典文学基础,并对陶渊明等魏晋南朝作家作品产生兴趣。青年时期投身政治活动,做了许多尝试和努力,这样的经历使他对陶渊明及曹植、阮籍、钟嵘等魏晋文人的心理状态、政治诉求、思想情感等有深切的体悟,对隐晦曲折的表达方式有特别的洞察感悟力。古直与陶渊明一样从政、辞官、归隐,生平经历有许多相似之处,对陶渊明的生活和心境有切身体会。他欣赏陶渊明独立自由率直任真的性格,倾慕陶渊明不以穷通为意从容适己的生活态度,理解陶渊明猛志在心不予表露的苦衷,并因慕陶而隐居庐山,这是研究陶渊明、笺注陶诗的重要原因,也是深入透彻理解陶诗、提出新颖独到之见的关键。他隐居庐山潜心学术研究,追踪柴桑遗迹,探讨陶诗之奥,此后任教高校,供职研究馆,将精力和心血倾注于陶渊明等魏晋作家作品研究,在既有陶渊明研究成果和民国学者的启发下,完成了《陶靖节诗笺定本》这一重要成果。第二章阐述《陶靖节诗笺定本》的面貌和特点。《述酒诗笺》是古直笺注陶渊明诗歌的开始,由此拓展到陶集全篇,著成《陶靖节诗笺》,在此基础上,修订完成《陶靖节诗笺定本》,并不断思考修订,晚年著成《重定陶渊明诗笺》。《陶靖节诗笺定本》选用质量较高、流传较广的上海涵芬楼影印李公焕本为底本,与古直所著《陶诗校勘记》《陶靖节年谱》等互为支撑、相互补充、互相印证,共同组成了笺注陶诗的统一体系。古直笺注以“切合”为要,秉持“知人论世”的原则,突出陶诗的比兴意味,注重多角度论证,对陶集进行整体系统笺注,方法融通。《陶靖节诗笺定本》几乎句句训释,在探求诗歌主旨、考察名物制度、疏证难解内容、补充注释等方面做了大量工作,推动陶集注本由简约向详尽迈了一大步,开启详细注陶之新阶段;征引文献繁富,通过征引典实、追根溯源,进一步考证了陶渊明生平、行迹、里居等关键问题和陶诗所涉名物制度,发明陶诗用事之长,并首提陶渊明52岁新说,为陶学研究做出新贡献。古直创新笺注理念,通过切合征引,挖掘陶诗深层含义和情感色彩,突破了笺注的传统功能,推动笺注向探讨诗歌精神内涵深入。《陶靖节诗笺定本》上述突出特点对王叔岷《陶渊明诗笺证稿》等现当代注本产生积极影响,是具承上启下作用的重要注本。第三、四章探讨《陶靖节诗笺定本》的创见和启示。《陶靖节诗笺定本》首开大量引《诗经》注陶诗之先河,发明篇题小序对《诗经》之仿效,拓展《停云》解读之思路,启示我们从思妇之诗的角度进行新的解读,探索陶渊明农业思想之根源,对陶渊明四言诗成就提出新观点;引《论语》注陶诗,反映了陶渊明的出仕、归隐、固贫等人生道路选择和品质受到“不仕无义”“无道则隐”“忧道不忧贫”等儒家思想的影响,对分析陶渊明思想有新的创获;引屈原作品注陶诗,反映陶渊明与屈原不同流合污精神品质一脉相承,并学习创新屈原作品艺术表现手法,为分析陶诗与屈原作品的承袭关系提供了新的思路;首创以《九辩》注陶诗,揭示陶渊明以秋景衬愁境表现手法之源头,反映出陶渊明悲秋作品在当时历史环境、魏晋社会思潮和历代悲秋作品的影响下产生,承《九辩》之立意、构思和物象,并将借秋景写人生之悲进一步拓展,谱写出悲秋新曲;最早以笺注的方式揭示陶渊明与《列子》之间的渊源,反映了《形影神》组诗写作缘起和辩论形式与《列子》的密切关系,探讨了陶渊明对死亡的看法、对人生的态度等方面所受《列子》的影响。《陶靖节诗笺定本》反映出陶渊明对《诗经》《论语》、屈原作品、《九辩》《列子》等作家作品在精神上的传承,也反映出在艺术手法上的学习。此笺征引经史子集古籍近百种,追溯陶渊明及其诗歌思想、艺术渊源,涉及儒、道、释各家思想,反映出陶渊明思想来源并非一家思想可概括,而是复杂的、多元的。艺术表现手法亦非浸染一家,而是转益多师,吸纳众家之长,形成自己独有的风格。论文贴近古直思路,从陶渊明用典用事和所承袭古籍着眼,对陶渊明及其诗歌进行了深入挖掘和新的解读。另外,古直采用以史证诗的方法,将部分陶诗内容比附历史事件,“穷其隐幽”、发其“声情激越”的艺术特点和“忠愤”“痛切”的情感特点,对陶渊明“忠愤”形象进一步具体化,有求之过深之嫌。所幸,古直晚年修订而成的《重定陶渊明诗笺》,有意去除了许多拘泥之解。第五章论析古直其他魏晋南朝诗笺成就。选取《曹子建诗笺定本》等3部著述进行剖析。《曹子建诗笺定本》对曹植部分诗歌写作时间、涉及人物、地点、主要活动等进行了考察,考辨修订李善注30余条。《阮嗣宗诗笺定本》对阮籍《咏怀诗》中涉及的人物、地名等在考证方面有所推进,对于诗歌主旨的解读详细、具体,不乏新颖之见。《钟记室诗品笺》从内证外证两个方面提供依据支持阐发《诗品》的观点,并将自己的诗学理论融入笺注之中,体现出从风格着眼追溯源流的理念、言之有据的思想和全面考察诗学语境的观点,并对《诗品》的谬误进行校正辨析,是在《诗品》基础上进行的重新鉴赏和品评。古直魏晋南朝笺注成果相对独立又相辅相成,笺注思想统一,融汇贯通,互相印证,为统一的研究体系。结语阐述了古直对魏晋南朝诗笺的贡献、对古代文学研究的启发和下一步研究的方向,分析了中国古代文学研究的新思路新方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Guzhi,as both a poet and a scholar,made tremendous number of academic achievements in various styles of classical literature.His literature research involved more than 70 categories,among which the most diligent and the most contributions are those specialized annotations of famous literature collection of Wei,Jin and Southern Dynasties.He annotated the works of Tao Yuanming,Cao Zhi,Ruan Ji,Zhong Rong with the ancient methods to do best to seek the most pertinent interpretation.His annotations provide us with a new perspective and train of thought to understand the poetic works of this period by exploring the origin along the every detail and by quoting the remarks and deeds of predecessors to express the clearest interpretation.He devoted most of his life to research on Tao Yuanming,and he possessed a very unique point of view and amazingly prudential and exquisite research spirit.His representative work"The Revised Annotations of Tao Yuanming’s Poems" plays an important role in the history of Tao Yuanming’s literature annotations,which has inspired a lot for modem relevant annotation research.The dissertation focuses on "The Revised Annotations of Tao Yuanming’s Poems",analyzes the writing background of the commentary,researches the style characteristics and annotation concepts of ancient straight commentary,and discusses the innovation and breakthroughs.This thesis starting from the use of allusions,anecdotes and words,explores the original source along every detail,deeply excavates the spiritual connotation of Tao Yuanming and others’ poems,and carries out new explorations and interpretations of his poems.At the same time,through the specific analysis of the works such as "The Revised Annotations of Cao Zijian Poems" and other research papers that have made great contributions,it outlines that the achievements of Guzhi in the literature research of the Wei,Jin and Southern Dynasties provide new ideas for accumulating more achievements in promoting academic development.This thesis includes introduction,five chapters and conclusion.The first chapter analyzes the writing background of "The Revised Annotations of Tao Yuanming’s Poems".Guzhi’s study and research experience,the study of Tao Yuanming and the research experience or knowledge about Tao Yuanming are important factors influencing "The Revised Annotations of Tao Yuanming’s Poems"and constituting the writing background of "The Revised Annotations of Tao Yuanming’s Poems".In his childhood,Guzhi received traditional poetry education,laid a solid foundation for classical literature,and became interested in the works of Tao Yuanming and other authors in the Southern Dynasties.In his youth,he devoted himself to political activities and made many attempts and efforts.This experience gave him a deep understanding of the mental states,political demands,thoughts and emotions of Tao Yuanming,Cao Zhi,Ruan Ji and other literati in troubled times.He possessed a special insight and perception of the obscure and tortuous expressions.Like Tao Yuanming,Guzhi entered politics,resigned,and returned to hermit.There are many similarities in his life experience,and he experienced vividly and personally life and mood as Tao Yuanming did.He admired Tao Yuanming’s independent,free,straightforward and honest character,admired Tao Yuanming’s attitude towards life that he did not take poverty as a conceit,and understood Tao Yuanming’s hardship in not expressing own ambition.This is an important reason for studying Tao Yuanming and annotating on Tao Poems,and it is also the reason why Guzhi could explore a profound and thorough understanding of Tao Yuanming’s poems and his original and distinguished insights.He stayed in Lushan Mountain and devoted himself to academic research,traced the remains of "Chai Sang"(Chai Sang means the spirit of Tao Yuanming),and explored the poetry of Tao Yuanming.After that,he taught in colleges and universities,served as a research center,and devoted his energy and effort to the research of Tao Yuanming and other writers in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.He was inspired by research results of Tao Yuanming from other scholars during the Republican Period,Guzhi completed "The Revised Annotations of Tao Yuanming’s Poems",an important research result.The second chapter elaborates the appearance and characteristics of "The Revised Annotations of Tao Yuanming’s Poems"."Annotation of Shu Jiu Poem(Shu Jiu Poem:Using metaphors to obscure and tortuously record the process of Liu Yu’s usurping of power and changing the generations,revealing infinite sorrow for the fall of the Jin Dynasty)" was the beginning of the Guzhi’s annotation of Tao Yuanming’s poems,and since then he expanded to the entire Tao’s poems and completed "The Revised Annotations of Tao Yuanming’s Poems".On the basis of it,Guzhi revised and completed the"The Revised Annotations of Tao Yuanming’s Poems",and continued to think about revisions,and wrote "Reset Tao Yuanming’s Poems Annotations" in his later years."The Revised Annotations of Tao Yuanming’s Poems" utilized the high-quality and popular Shanghai Hanfenlou photocopy of Li Gonghuan’s edition as the base copy,which supported,complemented and confirmed with Guzhi’s"Tao Yuanming’s Poem Collation" and "Tao Yuanming Chronicle",forming a unified system of commenting on Tao Yuanming’s poems.Guzhi revised annotations emphasize "the most pertinent interpretation”as the main point,adhere to the principle of "understanding people and discussing society".His commentary highlights the significance of metaphor and application in Tao Yuanming’s poems,pays attention to multi-angle argumentation.He systematically interpreted Tao Yuanming’s works with comprehensive commentary methods.Almost every single sentence is an aphorism in "The Revised Annotations of Tao Yuanming’s Poems",Guzhi had completed an incredible research in exploring the main subject of the poem,investigating the principles and policy of certain dynasty,clarifying the inexplicable content,and supplementing the annotations and explanations,which promoted"The Revised Annotations of Tao Yuanming’s Poems" from simple to detailed and started a new stage of meticulous commentary for Tao Yuanming’s poems;By using a large number of citations and annotations on Tao,and quoting the facts and tracing the roots,further researched Tao Yuanming’s life,deeds,residence and other key issues and the government system and policy involved in Tao Poems,Guzhi explored and interpreted the analogy and metaphor in Tao Poems,and he firstly put forward the new theory of Tao Yuanming living for 52 years,which made new contributions to the study of Tao Yuanming.vGuzhi’s innovative concept ofcommentary has broken through the traditional function of interpretation and explanation by digging into the deep meaning and emotional color of Tao Poems,and has promoted the profound exploration of the spiritual connotation of poetry.The above-mentioned outstanding features of "The Revised Annotations of Tao Yuanming’s Poems"have important influence on Wang Shumin’s "Corroborated Paper of Tao Yuanming Poems Annotations" and other modern and contemporary annotations.It is an important annotation with a link between the previous and the latter research.The third and fourth chapters are the essence explorations of "The Revised Annotations of Tao Yuanming’s Poems".Guzhishou pioneered a lot of quoting the"Shi Jing"to annotate Tao’s poems.The method of using title and preface imitates the"Shi Jing",expanded the interpretation of "Ting Yun",Enlightenment We have carried out a new interpretation from the perspective of the poem of thinking about women,the exploration of Tao Yuanming’s agricultural thoughts,and the new views on the achievements of Tao Yuanming’s four-character poems.By quoting the "Lun Yu(Analects of Confucius)" to annotate Tao’s poems,Guzhi annotation reflects that Tao Yuanming’s life choices and qualities such as becoming an official,returning to seclusion,and solidifying the poor are mainly influenced by Confucian thoughts such as "no officialdom without justice","no justice to be a recluse","worry about the faith and not worry about the poor"and other Confucian thoughts,these findings have new achievements in analyzing Tao Yuanming’s thought;Also Guzhi introduced Qu Yuan’s works to annotate Taoist poems,reflecting the different spiritual qualities of Tao Yuanming and Qu Yuan,and learning and innovating the artistic expression of "Chu Ci"(The first collection of romantic poetry in the history of Chinese literature),providing new ideas for the analysis of Tao Yuanming’s inheritance relationship with"Chu Ci";Guzhi was the first to annotate Tao Poems with "Jui Bian",he reveals the origin of Tao Yuanming’s expressive technique of lining the sadness with autumn scenery,reflecting that Tao Yuanming’s works about"sad autumn"were produced under the influence of the historical environment at the time.Social thoughts in the Wei and Jin Dynasty were indulged in the scenery of ’sad autumn".Tao Poems inherit the main idea,concept and figure of "Jui Bian",and further expand the use of autumn scenery to write the sadness of life,composing a new song of sorrowing autumn;It was the first to reveal the origins of Tao Yuanming and "Lie Zi"by means of annotations,reflecting the close relationship between the origin of the writing of"Xingying Shen"(A set of five-character poems by Tao Yuanming),and the relationship between the form of debate and"Lie Zi",and discussing that Tao Yuanming’s views on death and his attitude towards life was influenced by"Lie Zi”."The Revised Annotations of Tao Yuanming’s Poems" reflects Tao Yuanming’s spiritual inheritance of the "Shi Jing","Lun Yu",Qu Yuan,Song Yu,"Liezi’and other writers’ literature works,and also reflects his study of classic ancient books in artistic techniques.There are more than one hundred ancient books quoted by Guzhi,which arrange from the Confucian Classics,Chinese ancient history,various theoretical philosophy and the collections of ancient essays and poems.Guzhi explores the origin along the clues and traces the origin of Tao Yuanming’s thought and art.The whole process involves Confucianism,Taoism,and Buddhism,reflecting that the origin of Tao Yuanming’s thought is not a kind of ideological and cultural generalization,but complex and diverse.Tao Yuanming’s artistic expression methods are not influenced by only one kind of philosophy thought,but absorb the advantages of various factions to form his own unique style.This thesis follows Guzhi’s thinking,trying to explore the fundamentals,in-depth exploration and a new interpretation of Tao Yuanming and his poems.In addition,Guzhi decided to interpret and verify the content of some Tao Poems with historical events,"to express the implicit and suggestive completely",and he discovered the artistic characteristics of "exciting and strong verses" and the emotional characteristics of "loyalty,indignation,and sorrow" in Tao Yuanming’s poems.Guzhi further concretizes Tao Yuanming’sfigure of "loyalty,indignation and sorrow",he also was suspected of being to rigorous in this aspect.Fortunately,the"The Revised Annotations of Tao Yuanming’s Poems" by Guzhi in his later years deliberately removed many rigid interpretations.The fifth chapter discusses Guzhi’s other achievements in Wei,Jin and Southern Dynasties literature research,selecting three main works of "The annotation of Cao Zijian Poems" for analysis."The annotation of Cao Zijian Poetry" examines the writing time,involved characters,locations,and main activities of Cao Zhi’s poems,and examines,distinguishes and revises more than 30 notes from Li Shan."The revised annotation of Ruan Sizong Poems" has advanced the textual research on the characters and place names involved in Ruan Ji’s "Yong Huai Shi(Poems of Expressing Ambition)".It has detailed and specific interpretation of the subject of the poem,and there is no lack of novel ideas."The annotation of Zhongjishi’s poems"provides basis to support the interpretation of Zhong Rong’s views from two aspects of internal evidence and external evidence,and integrates his own poetic theory into the annotations:reflecting the concept and the meaning of tracing the origin from the poem style,based on the thoughts and the viewpoints of comprehensively examining the context of poetry.This is a re-appreciation and evaluation on the basis of "Shi Pin"."The Revised Annotations of Tao Yuanming’s Poems" and Guzhi’s series of research results of the Wei,Jin and Southern Dynasties are relatively independent and complementary.The annotations and interpretation are unified,integrated and mutually corroborated,forming the Guzhi’s literature research system on Wei,Jin and Southern Dynasties.The conclusion summarizes from Guzhi’s research on Wei Jin and Southern Dynasties literature to his inspiration to ancient literary studies,and the direction of further research,especially for his outstanding contribution,he analyzed the fresh cogitation and new methods of ancient Chinese literature research,and put forward thinking about the next step of research.更多还原