【作者】 王刻铭；

【导师】 刘仲华；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 茶学， 2020， 博士

【摘要】 中国是世界上最大的茶叶种植国,拥有全球最多的饮茶人口,茶叶已经成为人们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分,并发展出独具民族特色的茶文化。茶叶产业作为绿色经济的重要组成部分,在改善生态环境、提高茶农收入、出口创汇乃至文化输出中均有着独特的作用。当前,茶叶产业发展较快,茶叶生产加工日趋规范化、标准化,无论是国内茶叶消费量、茶园面积、茶叶产量,均居世界第一,在全球茶叶产业中具有举足轻重的地位。不可忽视的是,单产低、茶园面积与产量不成正比、出口品类结构不平衡、生产成本越来越高、深加工和综合利用程度不高、集约化规范化品牌化程度低,我国茶叶产业“大国小茶”,“大而不强”特征依然存在。茶叶产业面临着机遇与危机、优势与不足并存的局面,如何充分发挥自身发展优势,有效克服发展中的不足,是中国茶叶产业国际竞争力提升必须面对的重要问题。因此,对我国茶叶产业国际竞争力提升路径进行研究,对于我国茶叶产业的持续科学发展,提升国际影响力具有重要的意义。文章立足于中国茶叶产业现状,根据“国际生产折衷理论、产业内贸易理论、比较优势理论、相互需求理论”产业竞争力理论,构建研究中国茶叶国际竞争力的模型和测算指标体系。运用UN Comtrade链接WITS数据库中的样本数据,测算了中国茶叶的国际市场份额、产业内贸易指数、显示性比较优势指数和产品出口价格,将测算结果与全球主要茶叶出口国进行对比,探索了中国茶叶整体国际竞争力的变化情况与发展趋势。研究表明,在1992～2017年间,中国茶叶国际市场占有率呈现出明显的“U”形走势,先下滑-后筑底稳定-再回升;中国茶叶属于典型的产业间贸易模式,近几年产业内贸易趋势出现细微显现,并不明显;中国茶叶出口在1992～2002年期间具有极强比较优势,而从2003～2017年间则下降为具有较强比较优势;出口价格也呈现出明显的“U”形走势,并在2017年突破前期记录,不断攀升。从中国四个茶叶品种不同方面的国际竞争力指标测算结果来看,中国绿茶的国际市场份额、显示性比较优势指数均明显高于红茶,但中国红茶的产业内贸易指数、产品出口价格又明显高于绿茶。为了检验实证结果,根据钻石理论的四维要素,构建了中国茶叶国际竞争力影响机制的统一检验框架,建立了中国茶叶国际竞争力的钻石四维模型,最后得出农村一二三产业融合发展、土地生产效率、市场化改革、本地市场效应,对中国茶叶及其四个贸易品种国际竞争力的四个方面——国际市场份额、产业内贸易程度、比较优势、出口价格,在大部分情况下均起到了不同程度的影响。针对中国茶叶产业发展的现状,综合实证分析、影响机制研究的结论,文章认为,中国茶叶产业国际竞争力的提升既需要茶企的创新与发展,也离不开政府的扶持。在战略发展层面,提出了产业结构优化、产品研发创新、价值提升和营销模式优化等四点对策,在产业发展方面提出了坚持延伸产业链,促进茶业一二三产业融合发展、推动规模化标准化生产,提升土地生产效率、坚持科教兴茶理念,提高茶叶产业的科技含量,整合品牌资源,提升行业竞争力、加强外部环境整顿,确保市场有序发展、落实财政支持政策确保绿色可持续发展等六个方面的提升茶叶产业国际竞争力的政策建议,对我们茶叶产业可持续健康发展具有重要参考价格。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is the largest tea-growing country in the world and has the largest tea-drinking population in the world.Tea has become an indispensable part of People’s Daily life and developed a tea culture with unique national characteristics.As an important part of green economy,tea industry plays a unique role in improving ecological environment,increasing tea farmers’ income,earning foreign exchange through export and even cultural export.At present,the tea industry develops rapidly,and the tea production and processing become increasingly normalized and standardized.Whether domestic tea consumption,tea plantation area or tea production are rank first in the world,and play a pivotal role in the global tea industry.It cannot be ignored that the characteristics of "big country and small tea" and "big but not strong" in China’s tea industry still exist,such as low yield per unit area,non-proportional tea garden area and output,unbalanced structure of export category,increasingly high production cost,low degree of deep processing and comprehensive utilization,and low degree of intensive and standardized branding.The tea industry is faced with the coexistence of opportunity and crisis,advantages and disadvantages.How to give full play to its own development advantages and effectively overcome the deficiencies in the development is an important issue that must be faced to enhance the international competitiveness of China’s tea industry.Therefore,the research on the path to improve the international competitiveness of China’s tea industry is of great significance for the sustainable and scientific development of China’s tea industry and the promotion of its international influence.Based on the status quo of Chinese tea industry,this paper establishes a model and index system to study the international competitiveness of Chinese tea according to the industrial competitiveness theory of "eclectic theory of international production,intra-industry trade theory,comparative advantage theory and mutual demand theory".Use the UN Comtrade links WITS sample data in the database,estimates the global market share of Chinese tea,intra-industry trade index,revealed comparative advantage index and product export prices,will measure results compared with the world’s major tea exporter,explores the Chinese tea the situation and development trend of the international competitiveness of change as a whole.The research shows that from 1992 to 2017,the international market share of Chinese tea shows an obvious "U-shaped" trend.Chinese tea is a typical pattern of inter-industry trade.In recent years,the trend of intra-industry trade appears slightly and is not obvious.From 1992 to 2002,China’s tea exports had a strong comparative advantage,but from 2003 to 2017,they declined to have a strong comparative advantage.Export prices also showed a clear "U" shaped trend,and broke the previous record in 2017,rising.From the measurement results of the international competitiveness index of different aspects of China’s four tea varieties,the international market share and display comparative advantage index of Chinese green tea are significantly higher than that of black tea,but the intra-industry trade index and product export price of Chinese black tea are significantly higher than that of green tea.To test the empirical results,according to the diamond theory of four elements,build the unity of the Chinese tea international competitiveness influence mechanism test framework,established a diamond four-dimensional model of Chinese tea international competitiveness.Finally,the paper concludes the integrated development of rural primary,secondary and tertiary industries,land production efficiency,market reform and local market effect.The four aspects of international competitiveness of Chinese tea and its four trade varieties-international market share,degree of intra-industry trade,comparative advantage,and export price,have played different degrees of influence in most cases.Based on the current situation of China’s tea industry development,the paper concludes that the improvement of international competitiveness of China’s tea industry not only requires the innovation and development of tea enterprises,but also requires the support of the government.In the aspect of strategic development,and puts forward the industrial structure optimization,the product research and development innovation,value promotion and marketing model optimization countermeasures.At the level of strategic development,four countermeasures are put forward,such as industrial structure optimization,product research and development innovation,value enhancement and marketing mode optimization.In the aspect of industrial development,six policy Suggestions are put forward to enhance the international competitiveness of tea industry:Insist on extending the industrial chain,promote the integrated development of the primary,secondary and tertiary tea industries,increasing land productivity,adhere to the science and education and tea concept,improve the technological content of the tea industry,integrate the brand resources,promote the competitiveness of the industry,strengthening the external environment rectification,ensure orderly development in the market,to carry out the policy of financial support to ensure sustainable development of the green.The policy Suggestions in these six aspects to improve the international competitiveness of tea industry have important reference value for the sustainable and healthy development of our tea industry.更多还原