【作者】 徐锋；

【导师】 刘魁；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2020， 博士

【摘要】 中国传统武德思想是中国传统文化瑰宝,其中蕴含着丰富的人文精神和道德资源,对青年大学生思想道德教育和社会主义核心价值内化都具有重要的现实意义。由于历史和现实的局限,中国传统武德思想的传播和认同中还存在一些问题。在当前大力弘扬中国优秀传统文化,实现中华民族伟大复兴的时代背景下,亟需挖掘并弘扬中国传统武德思想中的道德精髓和思想价值,以期让中华民族灿烂的东方文明在全世界传播。鉴于此,本文拟从传统武德思想的发展脉络开始,在探索中国传统武德思想演变历程和基本特征的基础上,把握规律并以史为鉴,汲取优秀的思想道德精髓,为中国特色社会主义文化和思想道德建设服务。本文主要围绕以下思路展开论述:首先,厘清“武德”、“传统武德”概念的缘起、内涵及武德思想的实质;其次,梳理各个历史时期最突出的武德思想内容及其特征,以及在传统文化的视域下,以少林和武当两个文化流派作为案例进一步分析传统武德思想的内容及其特征;然后,通过对传统武德思想的梳理与分析,对传统武德思想进行历史评判和价值重估;最后,揭示和弘扬中国传统武德思想的当代价值。基于此,本文研究观点主要概括如下:第一,武德概念最早萌芽于古代人类生存生产的劳动,随着阶级社会的产生而逐渐形成与发展。早期的“武德”与军事发展脉络相契合,既存在于彼此交融的个体与集团间,又分别存在于内涵各异的个体武德和军事武德中。个体武术武德或民间武术武德是本文分析的重点。传统武德既指传统的武德,又指武德的传统。传统的武德主要指历代存留下来的武德伦理思想、制度和规范,而武德的传统主要指从古延续至今、无所在又无所不在的武德伦理传统,囊括实践领域和精神领域,其实质是传统文化的现代传承。传统武德思想的实质涵盖所有与“武”有关的思想品德内容,包括道德自觉、行为规范和精神价值等。第二,不同历史时期,武德思想内容和文化特征不同。本文以古代历史上武德文化特征明显、武德思想鲜明为分期理念,把武德思想的发展分为先秦、盛唐、宋元、明清四个主要时期。先秦经历了历史上重要大变革,特别是在春秋战国时期,诸子争鸣,思想大繁荣大发展,“尚礼、尚谋、尚侠”是当时主要的武德思想内容。盛唐时期,唐王朝的开明政治与繁荣经济为社会形成崇武尚侠风气打下基础,“以武壮志、以武立志、以武言志”成为当时武德思想的主要内容。宋元时期,在“崇文抑武”国策的影响下,导致民间习武结社规范化、民间武术表演娱乐化特征明显,从而推动武术审美思想的伦理变迁。明清时期,明代的兵家思想为武术的发展作出卓越贡献,清王朝对民间武术的镇压使民间秘密结社和清规戒律兴起,武侠小说中侠者形象的塑造使侠者们行侠天下,镖师们侠骨义胆的高尚武德使镖局和镖师们镖行天下。第三,中国传统武德思想是中国传统文化的有机组成部分,传统哲学中的儒、释、道、墨等思想是中国传统武德思想之根。儒家的仁爱、道家的阴阳、佛家的禅定、墨家的侠义等思想,在传统武德思想中都有深刻的反映。受中国传统文化滋养,具有明显地域文化特性的中国传统武术,在成长发展的过程中,形成了风格迥异、各具特色的传统武术文化流派及特征,少林功夫和武当武术是其中的典型。佛教文化与中原文化的融合发展,形成少林功夫修禅悟道的武德传统。道教文化与武当文化的相互影响,形成武当武术养生修道的武德传统。少林武德与武当武德,形象反映中国传统武德思想特征。第四,中国传统武德思想的发生、发展与演变,反映中华民族的文化传统和时代背景。以中国文化为理论基础的中国传统武德思想,形成了一套对现代社会仍具有教育意义的价值体系和行为规范。仁爱为本的伦理核心、贵义轻利的价值导向、尊师重道的礼教风尚、忠诚守信的精神节气,是中国传统武德思想的优秀传统。由于历史局限性造成传统武德思想的封闭性、神秘性和虚幻性等消极因素是中国传统武德思想中的糟粕,要加以批判和改造。因此,要使中国传统武德思想发挥时代价值,满足现实需要,必须要对传统武德思想进行创造性转化,坚持武德思想的仁勇结合、内外相应、古今相继和真善相随。第五,中国传统武德思想经过近百年的取其精华、去其糟粕的文化“自觉”后,留下优秀的武德思想内容和独特的精神内涵,对新时期思想政治教育发挥重要价值。中国传统武德思想的挖掘与弘扬,有助于丰富思想政治教育的时代内容,创新思想政治教育的文化载体,发挥思想政治教育的道德优势,构筑思想政治教育的融入路径,拓宽思想政治教育的国际视野。应积极发挥中国传统武德思想在思想政治教育上的内容优势、融入优势和传播优势,让中华文明在世界范围内得到传播和共享,不断增强中国特色社会主义文化自信。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese traditional martial arts morality thoughts are the treasure of Chinese traditional culture.They contain rich humanistic spirit and moral resources,which have important practical significance for young students’ ideological,moral education and socialist core value internalization.Due to the limitations of history and reality,there are still some problems in the dissemination and identification of traditional Chinese martial arts morality thoughts.Under the background of vigorously carrying forward China’s excellent traditional culture and realizing the great national rejuvenation,it is urgent to explore and carry forward the moral essence and ideological value of Chinese traditional martial arts morality ideology,to let the splendid oriental civilization of the Chinese nation spread throughout the world.In view of this,this study intends to start from the development of traditional martial arts morality thoughts,on the basis of exploring the evolution and basic characteristics of Chinese traditional martial arts morality thoughts,to grasp the law and take history as a mirror,to draw on the essence of excellent ideological and morality,and to serve the construction of building socialist culture,ideology and morality with Chinese characteristics.This study mainly focuses on the following ideas:Firstly,clarify the origin,connotation and essence of the concept of "martial arts morality" and "traditional martial arts morality".Secondly,sort the most prominent martial arts morality thoughts and characteristics during various historical periods,and in the perspective of traditional culture,the two culture schools,Shaolin School and Wudang School are used as examples to further analyze the content and characteristics of traditional martial arts morality thoughts.Then,through the combing and analysis of the traditional martial arts morality thoughts,conduct historical evaluation and value reassessment of them.Finally,reveal and carry forward the contemporary value of Chinese traditional martial arts morality thoughts.Based on this,the main points of this study are summarized as follows:First,the concept of martial arts morality thoughts were first germinated in the labor of the survival and production of ancient human beings,and gradually formed and developed with the emergence of class society.The early "martial arts morality" fitted well with the military development context.It not only existed between individuals and groups that are intertwined with each other,but also existed in individual martial arts morality and military martial arts morality with different connotations.Individual martial arts morality or folk martial arts morality is the focus of this study.Traditional martial arts morality refers to both traditional martial arts morality and martial arts morality traditions.The traditional martial arts morality mainly refers to the ethical thoughts,systems and norms of martial arts morality that have survived from the past;while the martial arts tradition mainly refers to the ethical tradition of martial arts,which has continued from the ancient times to the present and it is omnipresent.It encompasses the practical and spiritual fields.Its essence is the modern inheritance of traditional culture,which covers all ideology and moral contents related to "martial",including moral consciousness,behavioral norms,spiritual values and so on.Second,in different historical periods,martial arts morality’s ideological content and cultural characteristics are different.Based on the obviousness of martial arts morality’s cultural characteristics and thoughts in ancient history,this study divided the development of martial arts morality thoughts into four major periods:pre-Qin Dynasty,the glorious age of Tang Dynasty,Song and Yuan Dynasties,Ming and Qing Dynasties.The pre-Qin Dynasty experienced a major change in history,especially during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.The contending of the philosophers,the great prosperity of the mind,and the "Manners,Strategies,Chivalries" were the main martial arts morality thoughts at that time.During the glorious age of Tang Dynasty,the enlightened politics and prosperous economy of the Tang Dynasty laid the foundation for the formation of the martial and chivalrous spirit of the society."Using the martial spirit to strengthen,determine and express the ambition" became the main content of martial arts morality thoughts at that time.During the Song and Yuan Dynasties,under the influence of the national policy of "put intellectual pursuits above material arts",the standardization of folk martial arts associations and the entertainment of folk martial arts were obvious,thus they promoted the ethical changes of martial arts aesthetics.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the military ideology of the Ming Dynasty made outstanding contributions to the development of martial arts,the suppression of folk martial arts by the Qing Dynasty made the secret folk associations and interdictions and taboos rose,the shaping of the image of the knight in the martial arts novels made the knights go to the world,and the darts’ brave ethics made the darts went to the world.Third,Chinese traditional martial arts morality thoughts are the organic parts of Chinese traditional culture.The thoughts of Confucianism,Buddhism,Taoism and Mohism in traditional philosophy are the roots of Chinese traditional martial arts morality.The thoughts of Confucian benevolence,Taoist yin and yang,Buddhist meditation,and Mohist chivalry have profound reflections in traditional martial arts morality thoughts.Traditional Chinese martial arts,which are nourished by Chinese traditional culture and have obvious regional cultural characteristics,have formed traditional martial arts genres and characteristics with different styles and characteristics in the process of growth and development.Shaolin Kungfu and Wudang martial arts are the typical examples.The integration of Buddhist culture and central plains culture formed Shaolin Kungfu’s martial arts morality tradition,which is the cultivation of Zen.The mutual influence of Taoist culture and Wudang culture formed the Wudang martial arts morality tradition,which is the cultivation of health.Shaolin martial arts morality and Wudang martial arts morality reflected the characteristics of Chinese traditional martial arts morality thoughts.Fourth,the occurrence,development and evolution of Chinese traditional martial arts morality thoughts reflected the cultural traditions and background of the Chinese nation.The traditional Chinese martial arts morality thoughts,based on Chinese culture,have formed a set of value systems and behavioral norms that still have educational significance for the modern society.The ethical core of benevolence-based,the value orientation of honoring righteousness and despising benefit,the ethical ethics of respecting teachers and teaching,and the spirit of loyalty and trustworthiness are the fine traditions of traditional Chinese martial arts morality.Due to the limitations of history,the negative factors such as the closure,mystery and illusion of traditional martial arts morality thoughts are the dross in Chinese traditional martial arts morality thoughts,which must be criticized and transformed.Therefore,in order to make Chinese traditional martial arts morality ideas play the value of the times and meet the needs of the realities,we must creatively transform the traditional martial arts morality ideology,adhere to the benevolent and bravery combination,internal and external correspondence,ancient and modern succession and truth and virtues accompanying of martial arts morality ideology.Fifth,after nearly a hundred years of cultural "consciousness" of extracting the essence and discarding the dross,the Chinese traditional martial arts morality thoughts have remained the excellent martial arts morality ideology contents and unique spiritual connotations,which play an important role in ideological and political education in the new era.The excavation and promotion of Chinese traditional martial arts morality thoughts will help enrich the content of ideological and political education,innovate the cultural carrier of ideological and political education,give full play to the moral advantages of ideological and political education,construct the integration path of ideological and political education,and broaden the international perspective of ideological and political education.The advantages of content,integration and transmission of Chinese traditional martial arts morality thoughts in ideological and political education should be brought into play to allow Chinese civilization be spread and shared worldwide,and continue to enhance the cultural confidence of socialism with Chinese characteristics.更多还原