【作者】 陈晶；

【导师】 周洪；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2021， 博士

【摘要】 无线电能传输(Wireless Power Transfer,简称WPT)是一种无需传导介质,即可进行电能传输的技术。该技术使得电源和用电设备无需传统的导线连接,从根本上解决了接触式充电带来的电火花、机械摩擦等一系列安全问题。目前,对于高压大功率用电场景,传统的单输入单输出WPT设备往往存在逆变器输入电压过大、母线电流过大、功率器件热损较大等问题,难以满足大功率场景的实际需求。而中压直流配电网在大型工厂和港口等大功率用电设施中的配备以及多电平逆变器技术的发展,使得WPT设备直接从配电网获取高压大功率直流电能成为了可能。因此,本文以WPT技术为研究对象,以高压大功率电能的无线传输为目的,以串联逆变器和并联整流桥为切入点,着重解决WPT设备运行在高压大功率场景中,存在的一系列问题。本文首先提出了串联输入多对一WPT拓扑,并通过电路分析的方法,研究了该系统中谐振回路的参数设计方法,重点分析了该系统在零相差和非零相差两种状态下的传输特性;同时,研究了高频串联逆变器同步设计方法,通过主从控制的方式,实现了多个高频逆变器的同步运行;通过实验验证了该系统运行在高压大功率状态下的可行性。同时,本文对串联输入多对一WPT拓扑的输入电压均衡问题进行了深入研究,在考虑传输回路元器件参数和线圈间互感系数不均衡的基础上,用电路分析和仿真相互结合验证的方法,探究了串联逆变器输入电压不均衡这一现象的机理,求解了串联输入多对一WPT拓扑中,串联逆变器输入电压的表达方程。为实现串联逆变器输入电压均衡,本文提出了输入电压均衡策略,并通过仿真和实验的方式验证了该策略的有效性,实现了串联逆变器输入电压的均衡。进一步的,本文提出了基于多相变压器的串联输入多对一WPT拓扑,对串联输入多对一WPT拓扑的结构进行了优化,验证了多相变压器对于抑制串联逆变器输入电压不均衡的有效性,从根本上解决了串联逆变器输入电压不均衡的问题。同时,根据多相变压器的特性,设计了串联输入多对一抗偏移WPT系统。研究了多对一线圈的能量传输特性,并通过仿真的方式分析了负载侧与发射线圈组相对位置发生变化时,收发线圈之间的互感变化特性。提出了多对一线圈自适应工作模式,有效提高WPT系统的抗偏移能力。最后,针对高压大功率WPT系统中,并联整流桥输出电流不均衡的问题,借助多相变压器的电气特性,通过理论分析和仿真的方式,设计了基于多相变压器的并联整流桥拓扑,验证了多相变压器对于解决实现并联整流桥输出均流问题的有效性。再结合串联输入多对一WPT拓扑,提出了适用于高压大功率场景的串联输入并联输出多对多WPT拓扑。基于对传输通道的仿真和分析,研究了串联输入并联输出多对多WPT拓扑的传输特性和参数设计方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless power technology(WPT)is a technology that does not need a conduction medium to perform electrical transmission.The technology eliminates the need for wire connec-tions between power sources and electrical equipment,and fundamentally solves a series of safety problems such as electric sparks and mechanical friction caused by contact charging.At present,for high-voltage and high-power scenarios,traditional single-input single-output WPT equipment often has problems such as excessive inverter input voltage,excessive bus current,and large heat loss of power devices.The medium-voltage DC distribution network is equipped with the development of high-power power electrical facilities such as large factories and ports,and the development of multi-level inverter technology,making the WPT equip-ment directly from the distribution network to high-voltage high-power DC power.Therefore,this paper takes WPT system as the research object,aims at high-voltage and high-power power transmission,takes series inverters and parallel rectifier bridges as the starting point,focuses on a series of issues that the WPT equipment is running in high-voltage power sce-narios.First of all,this paper proposes a series-input multi-to-one WPT topology,the parameter design method of the resonant loops and the transmission characteristics in both zero phase angle and non-zero phase angle states are studied by circuit analysis methods.At the same time,the synchronous design method of high-frequency series inverters was also studied.Synchronous operation of multiple high-frequency inverters is implemented by the master-slave control strategy.The feasibility of the system is verified under high-voltage and high-power conditions through experiments in this paper.At the same time,the input voltage equalization problem of the series-input multi-to-one WPT topology is studied.Considering the component parameters of each loop and the mutual inductances between the coils,the research method combining circuit analysis and simulation are adopted,the mechanism of the unbalanced input voltage of the series inverter has been explored,the input voltage expression equation of the series inverter in the series-input multi-to-one WPT topology is solved.In order to implement the series inverter input voltage equalization,this paper propose input voltage equalization strategies,and verifies the effectiveness of the strategies by simulation and experiment.Finally,the balance of the input voltage of the series inverter is realized.Furthermore,in order to optimize the topology of the series-input multi-to-one WPT topology,a series-input multi-to-one WPT topology based on multiphase transformer is pro-posed in this paper.The suppression effect of the multi-phase transformer on the input voltage of the series inverter is verified which fundamentally solves the problem of unbalanced input voltage in series inverters.Moreover,according to the characteristics of the multi-phase trans-former,a multi-to-one anti-offset WPT system was designed in this paper.The power transfer characteristics of the multi-to-one coils are studied,and the mutual inductance characteristics are analyzed when the relative position of the load side and the transmitted coil group changes.Besides,a multi-to-one coils adaptive working mode is proposed to effectively improve the anti-offset capability of the WPT system.Finally,for the problem of parallel rectifier bridge output current unbalanced in high-voltage and high-power WPT systems,based on the electrical characteristics of the multi-phase transformer,a parallel bridge topology with the multi-phase transformers is designed along with theoretical analysis and simulation.And the effectiveness of multi-phase trans-formers to solve the equalization problem of parallel joint bridge output current is verified.Combined with the series-input multi-to-one WPT topology,a series-input parallel-output many-to-many wireless power transfer system suitable for high-voltage and high-power sce-narios is proposed in this paper.Based on the simulation and analysis of the transmission channel,the transmission characteristics and parameter design methods of the series-input parallel-output many-to-many wireless power supply system are studied.更多还原