【作者】 朱波；

【导师】 汪毅夫； 汪征鲁；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 中国史 专门史， 2019， 博士

【摘要】 近代以降,在区域社会变迁与西学主动宣行的过程中,福建幼儿教育演绎着百年近代化的历史进程。福建近代幼儿教育萌芽于晚清时期,流变于北洋时期,发展于南京国民政府初期,式微于抗战时期,衰落于战后时期。西方教会幼儿教育藉以其附带殖民色彩的操作工具,并揭开了福建近代幼儿教育的序幕。由此,近代福建区域社会变迁则促使本土近代幼儿教育的西学东渐,进而展现出福建近代幼儿教育的“中国化、本土化、科学化”的实践过程。同时,福建近代幼儿教育发展演变的不同时期,呈现出福建幼儿教育近代化转型与区域社会转型交锋中的不同价值导向。晚清时期,伴随着传教士在近代福建创办最早的一批幼儿教育机构的出现,福建近代国人自办幼儿教育在西方殖民工具理性的驱使下,逐渐从传统伦理理性的价值导向走出,并形成了具有日本模式的鲜明色彩。北洋政府时期,在“五四”新文化运动的推动下,这一时期福建近代幼儿教育加速西学东渐的发展进程,促使其伦理理性的价值导向进一步走向衰落。同时,由于怀德幼师和协和幼师的独立出现,早期福建幼儿教师群开始以专业化的职业者角色,促使这一时期福建幼儿教师教育的发展。南京国民政府初建时期,福建近代幼儿教育呈现出全面发展的趋势,且其办学更加凸显了“中国化、本土化”的现代性特质和内涵,但是在国民党实施党化教育政策的影响下,这一时期福建近代幼儿教育具有明显的工具理性的价值导向。抗战时期,福建近代幼儿教育事业开始处于凋零状态,尽管临时省会永安创办各类儿童教育设施,但受战时局势的影响,福建近代幼儿教育事业不可避免地成为战时国家和政治的附属品。战后时期,福建政府当局及教会试图展开幼儿教育复员工作,却不得不遭遇现实困境与危机,进而导致福建近代幼儿教育事业在国民党政府垮台前处于衰落的境地。历史表明,无论对国民党政府还是西方教会而言,福建近代幼儿教育都成为他们重要的工具和手段,为此,它由盛转衰最终走向消亡是必然结果。福建近代幼儿教育历经从无到有的发展过程,既反映出福建区域社会变迁的轨迹,又展现出其不同时期的发展脉络和发展规律,是福建教育发展史的重要内容,也是中国幼儿教育史的重要组成部分,因而具有较高的学术价值和研究意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since modern times,in the process of regional social changes and the initiative of Western learning,Fujian early infant education has deduced the historical process of centuries of modernization.Modern early infant education in Fujian originated in the late Qing Dynasty,evolved in the Beiyang Period,developed in the early period of Nanjing National Government,began to fade in the period of Anti-Japanese War,and declined in the post-war period.The early infant education in the Western churches opened the prelude of the modern early infant education in Fujian by means of the operation tools with colonial color.As a result,the regional social changes in Fujian in modern times promoted the“eastward transmission of western sciences”of local early infant education,which embodied the practical process of“sinicization,localization and scientificalization”of Fujian modern early infant education.At the same time,in different periods of the development and evolution of early infant education in modern fujian,it presents different value orientations in the conflict between the modernization transformation of early infant education in fujian and the regional social transformation.In the late Qing Dynasty,Driven by the instrumental rationality of “ western learning”,Fujian modern people’s self-run preschool education has gradually stepped out of the value orientation of traditional ethical rationality,and has a distinct“Japanese model”color.During the period of Beiyang Government,under the impetus of the May 4th New Culture Movement,the modern early infant education in Fujian accelerated the development of the“eastward transmission of western sciences”,and promoted the value orientation of its ethical rationality to decline further.At the same time,With the independent emergence of Wright kindergarten teachers and kindergarten teachers,the early kindergarten teachers in Fujian gradually took the role of professional professionals,which promoted the development of kindergarten teacher education in Fujian during this period.During the initial period of Nanjing National Government,although Fujian modern early infant education experienced the trend of all-round development,and its school-running highlighted the modernity characteristics and connotation of “localization and localization”,under the dictatorship of Kuomintang “Party-oriented education”,Fujian modern early infant education obviously had the value orientation of instrumental rationality.During the Anti-Japanese War,the cause of modern early infant education in Fujian began to wither.Although Yongan,the provisional capital of Fujian Province,set up various facilities for infant ’s education,it inevitably became a subsidiary of the wartime state and politics.In the post-war period,Fujian government authorities and churches tried to demobilize modern early infant education,but they encountered bankruptcy,which led to the decline of early infant education in Fujian before the collapse of the autocratic regime.History shows that modern early infant education in Fujian is a tool and means for both the Kuomintang autocratic regime and the Western churches.It is the inevitable result of its transition from prosperity to decline and ultimately to destruction.Fujian modern early infant education has gone through a process of development from scratch,which not only reflects the track of regional social changes in Fujian,but also shows the development context and law in different periods.It is an important part of the history of Fujian education,and also an important part of modern Chinese early infant education.Therefore,it has a high academic value and research significance.更多还原