【作者】 张莉；

【导师】 王颖；

【作者基本信息】 湖北大学 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2018， 博士

【摘要】 妇女政治参与是当代民主政治建设的重要内容。中国妇女政治参与伴随着国家命运走过了“不平坦、不平凡的历程”,形成了中国妇女政治参与的理论基础和实践特色。当代中国妇女政治参与在新的历史条件下取得了长足发展,但也面临一些困境。面对当代妇女政治参与的困境,需要深入分析理论与现实原因,找到妇女政治参与的发展路径。笔者从马克思主义妇女观出发,研究当代中国妇女政治参与。论文主要从四个方面展开论述:第一部分梳理理论,奠定全文的理论基础。马克思主义妇女观是由马克思和恩格斯创立,由世界各国的马克思主义者不断丰富和发展的关于妇女解放的理论。马克思主义妇女观将妇女作为一个社会问题,指出生产力的发展是妇女地位变迁的根本动力,探讨了妇女受压迫的根源,提出妇女解放的途径——参与公共劳动,并将妇女解放与阶级解放、人类解放结合起来;阐明妇女政治参与是推动社会主义制度建立和发展的重要力量。第二部分梳理历史,把握中国妇女政治参与发展历程的基本脉络。近代中国的妇女解放面临着国家救亡和性别解放的双重使命。五四运动后,随着无产阶级的崛起,在国家救亡和妇女解放的双重要求下,马克思主义妇女观在与其他妇女思想的博弈中脱颖而出。马克思主义妇女观真正代表了广大社会底层妇女的利益,将国家解放与性别解放真正的融为一体。中国共产党成立后,将马克思主义妇女观确立为妇女运动的指导思想,将整个社会底层的妇女动员进政治体系,引导她们积极支持和参与革命,为新民主主义革命的胜利做出了巨大贡献。第三部分分析现状,弄清当代中国妇女政治参与困境及其症结。新中国成立后,社会主义制度的建立为妇女政治参与提供了良好的政治基础,妇女政治参与得到飞跃式发展。改革开放以后,开创了中国特色社会主义道路,妇女政治参与由动员型向自主型转变。随着新启蒙思想的兴起,大量西方思潮涌入,马克思主义妇女观和当代中国妇女政治参与在获取社会主义市场经济带来的发展机遇的同时,也遭遇了挑战,如妇女政治参与的分化,妇女回家论、消费主义、拜金主义泛滥,妇女政治参与的意识淡薄等。从理论看,西方女性主义和新自由主义很大程度上对马克思主义妇女观提出挑战。从现实看,妇女政治参与困境的主要成因有生产力发展不平衡不充分、对妇女政治参与的认识不充分、妇女政治参与环境难以给妇女提供真正公平合理的参与空间等。第四部分研究对策,探讨当代中国妇女政治参与的发展路径。针对当代中国妇女政治参与的问题,提出优化中国妇女政治参与的路径:坚持马克思主义妇女观的理论自信,进一步丰富和发展马克思主义妇女观,理性对待外来文化的冲击;进一步发展生产力,夯实妇女政治参与的物质基础;从国家、社会、个人三个层面提高对妇女政治参与的认识,将妇女政治参与中华民族的历史使命和人类文明发展结合起来;创设妇女政治参与的良好社会环境,政治上坚持中国共产党的领导,保证妇女政治参与的正确方向,将妇女政治参与纳入国家发展规划,组织上加强妇女组织的改革创新,强化妇女组织的引领作用;优化妇女政治参与的环境,缓解家庭与妇女政治参与的矛盾,树立男女平等的社会意识,拓宽妇女政治参与的渠道等。综上所述,马克思主义妇女观指导下的中国妇女政治参与模式是中国人民历史的选择。当代妇女政治参与的发展必须坚持马克思主义妇女观的立场,从广大劳动妇女的根本利益出发,既不能搞全盘西化,也不能固步自封,应该从中国的具体国情出发,在历史中找依据,在现实中找方案,在未来中找方向,推动妇女政治参与事业不断发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Political participation of women is an important part of democratic construction.Political participation of Chinese women has walked through an uneven and unordinary process and formed its theoretical foundation and practical characteristic.In the new era,political participation of Chinese women has made rapid progress while facing many difficulties.This dissertation discusses political participation of Chinese women from the perspective of Marxist View of Women,analyzes the theoretical and practical factors that led to difficulties for political participation of Chinese women and brings out the development path for it.The dissertation mainly contains four parts:Part One is theory review to build theoretical foundation.Marxist View of Women was founded by Marx and Engels and was continuously enriched and developed by Marxists from all over the world.Marxist View of Women insisted that productivity development is the essential momentum of women’s role change in society.It discussed the reasons of oppression on women and pointed out the path for women liberation(i.e.participation in public labor)and combined women liberation with class and human liberation.Political participation of women is important force for socialist system foundation and development.Part Two is historical review of the development process of political participation of Chinese women.Women liberation in modern China took double missions of nation salvation and gender emancipation.After May Fourth Movement,Marxist View of Women stood out in gaming with other thoughts on women,which really represented the benefit of women at the bottom of the society and combined gender emancipation with nation liberation.The Communist Party of China established Marxist View of Women as guiding ideology for women movement and mobilized women at the bottom of the society to participate in and support New Democratic Revolution.Part Three is situation analysis of political participation of Chinese women to make clear the reasons of difficulties.Since the foundation of P.R.C and the socialist system,the political participation of Chinese women has achieved a leap-forward development.After reform and opening-up,the political participation of Chinese women has realized transformation from nation-mobilized pattern to self-developed pattern.However,with the rising of the New Enlightenment Ideology,under the influence of western thoughts and the revival of traditional ideas,Marxist View of Women and political participation of Chinese women encountered some difficulties while sharing opportunities in the socialist market economy.Theoretically speaking,Marxist View of Women,which is lack of creativity and theoretical confidence and is conflicted with western feminism and new liberalism thoughts.Practically speaking,the main factors that lead to difficulties include the unbalanced and inadequate development of productivity,inadequate recognition of political participation of women,etc.Part Four is to find out the development path for political participation of Chinese women.Firstly,we should strengthen the theoretical self-confidence of Marxist View of Women,and further enrich and develop it and rationally deal with the impact of foreign culture.Secondly,we should further promote the development of productivity to strengthen the material basis of women’s political participation.Thirdly,we should fully recognize the importance of women’s political participation from the historical mission of the Chinese nation and the development of human history and civilization.Fourthly,in order to keep the correct direction of women’s political participation,we should adhere to the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and incorporate women’s political participation into national development plans.Further more,we should improve the environment of women’s political participation by relieving contradictions between family and women’s political participation,enhancing gender equality awareness and widening paths of women’s political participation,etc.In summary,the Chinese women political participation should not continue walking in the old steps or completely westernized.The development of contemporary Chinese women political participation should base on history and find answers from realities and make directions in the future.更多还原