【作者】 郭莹莹；

【导师】 戴向东；

【作者基本信息】 中南林业科技大学 ， 木材科学与技术， 2020， 博士

【摘要】 近代时期是中日两国社会转型的重要时期。中日两国近代化的历程是从破关开始的,在西方文化的冲击下,开启了西化的历程,中国和日本在政治、经济、文化、思想、生活等方面都面临不同程度的“西方化”。在中日近代化过程中,东西方文化的冲突、艺术的交融、家具技术的传入,为中日传统家具走向现代家具奠定了基础;又由于中日两国近代的国情、社情、文化、艺术与技术等方面的差异,使中日本家具在近代化的进程中走出了两条结果迥异的发展道路。本文以中日两国与西方文化的交流史为背景,从社会史、生活史、艺术史、技术史等方面对中日传统家具近代化历程进行了多维度的比较分析。(1)自近代19世纪初至民国的近代时期以来,中国传统家具已经明显的显现出西方艺术的特色。中国传统家具由借鉴西方艺术风格的装饰工艺与装饰形式,到引入西方家具的制作工艺与家具材料的“近代化”过程,也正如近代时期的中国建筑与绘画艺术一样,其实质是一个中国传统家具的“西化”历程。(2)对中日家具的近代化时期的历史背景与家具概况进行了分析,对中日近代化时期的室内装饰陈设进行了研究,并对这一时期两国家具品类的演化进行了比较。当时许多公共建筑的室内配套家具、装饰陈设设计与施工,有部分是由建筑师来完成,这正是近代室内设计师由建筑师中脱胎而出的一个缩影。中国家具品类的增多与西化是适应生活方式的变化而出现和发展的,更多是功能的丰富和演进,而日本家具品类的演化是以高形制家具品类的普及为标志,更多的新的家具品类以日本前所未有的面貌形式展现。(3)对两国家具在近代西化过程中的“样式、造型与装饰手法”进行了比较研究。西化初期,中日传统家具都借鉴并沿用了西方家具艺术风格的样式,但中国传统家具在造型与装饰手法的演绎轨迹是由简入繁再入繁的演变过程,而日本家具在造型与装饰手法的演绎轨迹是一条由简入繁再入简的演变过程。西化时期中日两国对于西方家具样式的选择、家具装饰造型的模仿、家具装饰手法的运用,以及在吸纳、模仿、融合、创新之后走出的不同轨迹,反映了两国审美意识不同的表象下,深层“质”的不同,即对于本国传统文化的传承意识的差异。(4)对两国家具近代西化时期在“材料、结构工艺与技术”的演变进行了对比研究。日本对新鲜事物、先进技术的学习、吸收具有天生的主动性,近代西化时期两国对于虫胶漆、胶合板、弯曲木等新材料与技术的引入过程中,日本对弯曲木、胶合板等技术的应用比中国早很多年;在家具图样绘制标准化技术方面,无论从西方家具图样的引用时间,还是使用广度与绘制的标准化程度等方面,都直观的显示出中国在家具发展中工业化水平与家具科学系统化方面与日本的差距。从中日传统家具在近代化演变中的“模仿”到“创新”的过程中,我们应该清晰的意识到,在中国家具发展的过程中,要有文化自信,既要积极的借鉴与学习,也要对我国传统文化进行传承与创新,既要积极挖掘中国传统文化的精髓,又要对外来先进技术与文化进行选择吸收,逐渐形成具有中国文化特质的家具风格,并傲立于世界家具之林。更多还原

【Abstract】 It was an important stage of social transformation for both China and Japan in modern times.The modernization of China and Japan began with the opening-up.Under the impact of western culture,China and Japan are faced with varying degrees of "westernization" in politics,economy,culture,ideology and life.In the process of the modernization of China and Japan,the conflict of eastern and western culture,art exchange and the introduction of furniture technology,lay a foundation for the beginnings of traditional furniture modernization in China and Japan.Due to the differences in modern national conditions,social situation,culture,art and technology,Chinese and Japanese furniture have developed along two different paths in the process of modernization.Based on the historical cultural exchange between China,Japan and western countries,this paper makes a multidimensional comparative analysis from the perspectives of the history of society,life,art and technology,by considering four distinct aspects/areas.(1)Since the early 19 th century to the modern period of the Republic of China,traditional Chinese furniture has clearly manifested the characteristics of western art.The development of traditional Chinese furniture is a process of "westernization" essentially,from referring to western art style of decoration and decorative forms,to the process of "modernization" characterised by the introduction of western furniture craftmanship and material,as Chinese architecture and painting are in the modern period.(2)The general situation and the historical background of Chinese and Japanese furniture in the period of modernization are analyzed,the interior decoration is studied,and the evolution of the furniture category of the two countries is compared.At that time,the interior decor of many public buildings was designed and constructed by architects,which is the epitome of the modern interior designer from the architect.The expansion of the Chinese furniture category and increasing influence of westernization adapt to the changes in lifestyle,embodied in the richness and evolution of functionalit mainly.However,the evolution of the Japanese furniture category is marked with the popularization of higher furniture categories in form,and more and more new furniture category have appeared in Japan.(3)The style,modelling and adornment artistry of furniture in the two countries are compared.In the early period of westernization,the traditional furniture of China and Japan used western furniture art style for reference.Conversely,the modelling and adornment artistry development track in Chinese traditional furniture went through a process from simple,complex to complex again while Japanese furniture went through a process from simple,to complex and back to simple again.In the westernization period,some features such as the choice of western style furniture,the imitation of furniture decoration modelling,the application of furniture decoration technique,and different development tracks after absorption,imitation,fusion and innovation,reflects the difference in aesthetic consciousness of the two countries,noticeably in appearance,and especially in essence.That is different awareness of the inheritance of their own traditional cultures.(4)The evolution in the material,structure and technology between the two countries in the modern westernization period.Japan began to learn new techniques and utilise advanced technology.In the process of the introduction of new materials and technologies between the two countries for shellac varnish,plywood,bending wood and so on,Japan preceded China for many years.The drawing standardization technology of furniture design,from the time to learn western furniture design or from using the breadth and standardization degree of drawing,clearly shows that China had fallen behind in the development of furniture and the systematization of furniture science.Evolving from "imitation" to "innovation",Chinese and Japanese traditional furniture making provides us with a wealth of experience.We should hold cultural confidence in the development of original furniture.It’s necessary to refer to and actively study others’ approaches and it’s equally necessary to inherit and innovate our traditional culture.Furthermore,there is value in mining the quintessence of our own traditional culture,whilst also selectively absorbing foreign culture and technology,hence gradually forming Furniture style with Chinese Cultural characteristics,standing proudly at the center of world furniture.更多还原