【作者】 陈文；

【导师】 邹放鸣；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2020， 博士

【摘要】 《新时代公民道德建设实施纲要》指出:中国特色社会主义进入新时代,加强公民道德建设、提高全社会道德水平,是全面建成小康社会、全面建设社会主义现代化强国的战略任务,是适应社会主要矛盾变化、满足人民对美好生活向往的迫切需要,是促进社会全面进步、人的全面发展的必然要求。公益活动是主体化育人的新途径、隐性化育人的新方式、实践化育人的新载体,是大学生最为喜欢、真心接受的道德实践。大学生公益精神是大学生自觉践行社会主义核心价值观,主动投身于面向某一群体或整个社会所开展的维护人民根本利益、倡导人类命运共同体意识、促进社会发展和进步的公益实践活动,并在其中实现助人与自助、他利与自利相统一的一种综合品质。然而,大量文献和现实案例表明,在社会思潮、不良风气等多要素影响下,部分大学生公益心缺失、社会责任感下降、价值观错位,大学生公益精神培育亟待加强。通过对多所高校的实证调研,发现目前大学生公益精神及其培育现状不甚理想,阻碍大学生公益精神成长和培育的因素较多,因此,本文界定了大学生公益精神的内涵,归纳总结了大学生公益精神的特征,解析了大学生公益精神的要素和内在结构,调研了大学生公益精神的现状并实证分析影响大学生公益精神培育的主要因素,系统总结和梳理大学生公益精神培育的历史经验、现实状况和存在的主要问题,提出当代大学生公益精神培育的有效实践路径。本研究首先从国家政策层面和中央加强公民道德建设的高度、目前存在的不良社会风气、高校大学生公益活动存在的问题、高校公益教育实效性不足和大学生公益教育水平亟待提升等方面提出了大学生公益精神培育研究的选题。基于问题导向,理论分析结合实证调研系统分析问题背后的原因,提出大学生公益精神培育的重要性、必要性和紧迫性,这是本研究的现实逻辑。其次,用文献研究法从古代公益思想的滥觞和发展,中国传统慈善文化和西方现代公益精神的理论中吸取养分和借鉴经验,梳理马克思主义公益理论的发展,总结当代大学生公益精神培育的历史脉络,这是本研究的历史逻辑。对大学生公益精神的内涵进行定义,归纳了大学生公益精神的四个特征,基于心理学和德育教育品德结构“知、情、意、行”四要素理论,从公益认知、公益情感、公益意志和公益行为四个方面解析大学生公益精神的内部构成要素,建构起大学生公益精神的内在结构,对大学生公益精神培育的思想基础以及培育的时代价值进行理论界定,这是本研究的理论逻辑。结合理论研究以社会调查法和回归分析法实证分析了大学生公益精神现状及影响大学生公益精神培育的内部原因、个体因素和外部影响,系统提出遵循方向性、科学性、时代性和实践性的“四性”原则,完善健全大学生公益精神培育的组织体制、激励机制和保障机制的“三制”,从制度建设层面统筹大学生公益精神培育,解决大学生公益精神培育的动力问题;推进大学生公益精神培育融入课程教材体系、融入教育教学体系、融入理论研究体系的“三融”,从学校教育层面着力提升大学生公益意识,解决大学生公益精神培育的教育问题;拓展微感恩、微公益、微创业的“三微”,从个人行为体验层面切实推进大学生公益实践,解决大学生公益精神培育的实践问题;协同家庭教育的协同力、学校文化的涵养力、“三社联动”的带动力的“三力”,从环境育人层面优化大学生公益培育氛围,解决大学生公益精神培育的合力问题,从而建构起当代大学生公益精神的培育路径,这是本研究的实践逻辑。西方国家对公益精神的研究对我国而言具有一定的借鉴意义,但同时也存在明显不足和本质不同。本研究着力建构具有中国特色社会主义话语体系和意识形态属性的大学生公益精神培育实践路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 The "New era citizen morals construction implementation outline" points out:Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era,To strengthen the construction of morality and improve the moral standards of the whole society is a strategic task of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and a powerful socialist country in an all-round way.It is also an urgent need to adapt to the changes in major social contradictions and meet the people’s need of a better life.Meanwhile it is an inevitable requirement to promote the progress of society and the all-round development of human beings.Public welfare activity is a new way of subjective and recessive education and a new carrier of practical education,and it is the most favorite and sincerely accepted moral practice for college students.The public welfare spirit of college students is a comprehensive quality that college students consciously practice the socialist core values,actively participate in the public welfare practice activities of safeguarding the fundamental interests of the people,and advocate the sense of community of human destiny,promote social development and progress,and realizes the unity of helping others and self-help,and other interests and self-interest.However,many research and practical cases show that under the influence of wrong social ideas and other factors,some college students lack the sense of public welfare,the sense of social responsibility and the dislocation of values,so the cultivation of College Students’ public welfare spirit needs to be strengthened.Through the practical research of many colleges and universities,it is found that the current situation of College Students’ public welfare spirit and its cultivation is not ideal,and there are many factors hindering the growth and cultivation of College Students’ public welfare spirit.Therefore,this dissertation defines the connotation of College Students’ public welfare spirit and analyzes the elements and internal structure of College Students’ public welfare spirit.The investigation of the current situation of College Students’ public welfare spirit and the analysis of the main factors influencing the cultivation of College Students’ public welfare spirit are also studied.This study systematically summarizes and sorts out the historical experience,current situation and main problems of the cultivation of College Students’ public welfare spirit as well,the results of this research will put forward the effective practice path of cultivating the public welfare spirit of Contemporary College Students(CCS).Firstly,this dissertation puts forward the research topics of the cultivation of College Students’ public welfare spirit from the national policy,the central government’s strengthening the construction of civil morality,the existing bad social atmosphere,the problems of College Students’ public welfare activities,the lack of effectiveness of College Students’ public welfare education and the urgent need to improve the level of College Students’ public welfare education.Based on the problem orientation,theoretical analysis and empirical research,this paper systematically analyzes the reasons behind the problems,and puts forward the importance,necessity and urgency of cultivating College Students’ public welfare spirit,which is the realistic logic of this study.Secondly,the historical logic of this study is to use literature research method to draw nutrients and experience from the origin and development of ancient public welfare thought,Chinese traditional charity culture and western modern public welfare spirit theory.The historical logic of this study is also to comb the development of Marxist public welfare theory and summarize the historical context of Contemporary College Students’ public welfare spirit cultivation.This study defines the connotation and summarizes four characteristics of College Students’ public welfare spirit.Based on the theory of "knowledge,emotion,will and action" in the moral structure of psychology and moral education,the theoretical logic of this study is to analyze the internal elements of College Students’ public welfare spirit from four aspects including public welfare cognition,public welfare emotion,public welfare will and public welfare behavior;and it also to construct the internal structure of College Students’ public welfare spirit,and theoretically to define the ideological basis and the era value of cultivating College Students’ public welfare spirit.Combined with theoretical research,this dissertation,using the methods of social investigation and regression analysis,empirically analyzes the current situation of College Students’ public welfare spirit and the internal reasons,individual factors and external influences that affect the cultivation of College Students’ public welfare spirit.The "four principles" of direction,science,times and practice and the "three systems" of the organizational system,incentive mechanism and guarantee mechanism for the cultivation of College Students’ public welfare spirit are systematically put forward.From the perspective of system construction,this study coordinates the cultivation of College Students’ public spirit,and solve the power problem of the cultivation of College Students’ public welfare spirit;The cultivation of College Students’ public welfare spirit should be integrated into the teaching material system,education and teaching system,and theoretical research system.From the perspective of school education,we should strive to enhance college students’ awareness of public welfare,solve the education problems of cultivating College Students’ public welfare spirit,and expand the "three micro" of micro gratitude,micro public welfare and micro entrepreneurship.From the perspective of personal behavior experience,we should promote college students’ public welfare practice and solve the practical problems of cultivating College Students’ public welfare spirit.The "three forces" are the synergy of family education,the self-restraint of school culture and the driving force of the three communities.The practical logic of this study is to optimize the atmosphere of College Students’ public welfare cultivation from the perspective of environmental education,to solve the joint force problem of College Students’ public welfare spirit cultivation,and to construct the cultivation path of contemporary College Students’ public welfare spirit.The study of public welfare spirit in western countries has some certain reference significance for us,but there are also obvious deficiencies and essential differences.This study focuses on the construction of a socialist discourse system with Chinese characteristics and ideological attributes of College Students’ public welfare spirit cultivation practice path.更多还原